Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.5.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
साम॑ द्वि॒बर्हा॒ महि॑ ति॒ग्मभृ॑ष्टिः स॒हस्र॑रेता वृष॒भस्तुवि॑ष्मान् । प॒दं न गोरप॑गूळ्हं विवि॒द्वान॒ग्निर्मह्यं॒ प्रेदु॑ वोचन्मनी॒षाम् ॥
साम द्विबर्हा महि तिग्मभृष्टिः सहस्ररेता वृषभस्तुविष्मान् । पदं न गोरपगूळ्हं विविद्वानग्निर्मह्यं प्रेदु वोचन्मनीषाम् ॥
sāma dvibarhā mahi tigmabhṛṣṭiḥ sahasraretā vṛṣabhas tuviṣmān | padaṃ na gor apagūḻhaṃ vividvān agnir mahyam pred u vocan manīṣām ||
English translation:
“May Agni, filling both (the middling and most excellent condition), bright shining, of manifold vigour, the showerer of (benefits), the possessor of affluence, (who comprehends), by (his) wisdom the mysterious sacred hymn, as (they track) the footsteps of a (missing) cow, reveal (the sense) to me.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Filling both: dvibarha = dvayor madhyamottamayoḥ sthānayoḥ parivṛḍhaḥ; who comprehends: sāma mahi padam na goḥ apagūḷham vividvān agnir mahyam predu vocan manīṣām: manīṣām, is connected with sāma and is explained as jñātavyam, what is to be known; apagūḷham atyantarahasyam; this is attached to padam
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): vaiśvānaraḥ ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
साम॑ । द्वि॒ऽबर्हाः॑ । महि॑ । ति॒ग्मऽभृ॑ष्टिः । स॒हस्र॑ऽरेताः । वृ॒ष॒भः । तुवि॑ष्मान् । प॒दम् । न । गोः । अप॑ऽगूळ्हम् । वि॒वि॒द्वान् । अ॒ग्निः । मह्य॑म् । प्र । इत् । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । वो॒च॒त् । म॒नी॒षाम् ॥
साम । द्विबर्हाः । महि । तिग्मभृष्टिः । सहस्ररेताः । वृषभः । तुविष्मान् । पदम् । न । गोः । अपगूळ्हम् । विविद्वान् । अग्निः । मह्यम् । प्र । इत् । ऊँ इति । वोचत् । मनीषाम् ॥
sāma | dvi-barhāḥ | mahi | tigma-bhṛṣṭiḥ | sahasra-retāḥ | vṛṣabhaḥ | tuviṣmān | padam | na | goḥ | apa-gūḷham | vividvān | agniḥ | mahyam | pra | it | oṃ iti | vocat | manīṣām
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.5.3 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“Sāman; Sama-Veda; song; sāman [word]; hymn.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“double.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“great; firm.”
[noun]
“sharp; pointed; fiery.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“spike.”
[noun], neuter
“thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“semen; sperm.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“powerful.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“word; location; foot; footprint; pada [word]; verse; footstep; metrical foot; situation; dwelling; state; step; mark; position; trace; construction; animal foot; way; moment; social station; topographic point; path; residence; site; topic.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“hide.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“find; detect; marry; get; think.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], dative, singular
“I; mine.”
[adverb]
“towards; ahead.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[adverb]
“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“say; describe; name; tell; address; enumerate; call; state; teach; explain; say; declare; speak; define; declare; order; address; recommend; answer; deem; recite; approve; proclaim; indicate; determine; mention; designate.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“hymn; inspiration; idea; thinking; wish; consideration; intelligence.”