Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.3.10
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ऋ॒तेन॒ हि ष्मा॑ वृष॒भश्चि॑द॒क्तः पुमाँ॑ अ॒ग्निः पय॑सा पृ॒ष्ठ्ये॑न । अस्प॑न्दमानो अचरद्वयो॒धा वृषा॑ शु॒क्रं दु॑दुहे॒ पृश्नि॒रूध॑: ॥
ऋतेन हि ष्मा वृषभश्चिदक्तः पुमाँ अग्निः पयसा पृष्ठ्येन । अस्पन्दमानो अचरद्वयोधा वृषा शुक्रं दुदुहे पृश्निरूधः ॥
ṛtena hi ṣmā vṛṣabhaś cid aktaḥ pumām̐ agniḥ payasā pṛṣṭhyena | aspandamāno acarad vayodhā vṛṣā śukraṃ duduhe pṛśnir ūdhaḥ ||
English translation:
“The male Agni, the showerer (of benefits), has been sprinkled by the genitive ine sustaining milk; the giver of food proceeds unswerving (from his course), and the sun, the shedder of rain, has milked the white (fluid) of the udder (of the firmament).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The sun milked: duduhe pṛśnir udhas: prśni = Sūrya
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ऋ॒तेनः॑ । हि । स्म॒ । वृ॒ष॒भः । चि॒त् । अ॒क्तः । पुमा॑न् । अ॒ग्निः । पय॑सा । पृ॒ष्ट्ये॑न । अस्प॑न्दमानः । अ॒च॒र॒त् । व॒यः॒ऽधाः । वृषा॑ । शु॒क्रम् । दु॒दु॒हे॒ । पृश्निः॑ । ऊधः॑ ॥
ऋतेनः । हि । स्म । वृषभः । चित् । अक्तः । पुमान् । अग्निः । पयसा । पृष्ट्येन । अस्पन्दमानः । अचरत् । वयःधाः । वृषा । शुक्रम् । दुदुहे । पृश्निः । ऊधः ॥
ṛtenaḥ | hi | sma | vṛṣabhaḥ | cit | aktaḥ | pumān | agniḥ | payasā | pṛṣṭyena | aspandamānaḥ | acarat | vayaḥ-dhāḥ | vṛṣā | śukram | duduhe | pṛśniḥ | ūdhaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.3.10 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”
[adverb]
“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
[adverb]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“smear; anoint; mix; color.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“man; masculine; man; puṃvajra; puruṣa; son; puṃs [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“milk; milky juice; water; fluid; juice; payas [word]; drink.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
[adverb]
“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“quiver.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“car; wander; perform; travel; bore; produce; make; dwell; dig; act; observe; enter (a state); observe; cause; crop; behave; practice; heed; process; administer.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fortifying.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“bright; clear; white; light; pure.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“milk.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“Pṛśni; beam.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“udder; ūdhas [word]; night.”