Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.129.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
द॒स्मो हि ष्मा॒ वृष॑णं॒ पिन्व॑सि॒ त्वचं॒ कं चि॑द्यावीर॒ररुं॑ शूर॒ मर्त्यं॑ परिवृ॒णक्षि॒ मर्त्य॑म् । इन्द्रो॒त तुभ्यं॒ तद्दि॒वे तद्रु॒द्राय॒ स्वय॑शसे । मि॒त्राय॑ वोचं॒ वरु॑णाय स॒प्रथ॑: सुमृळी॒काय॑ स॒प्रथ॑: ॥
दस्मो हि ष्मा वृषणं पिन्वसि त्वचं कं चिद्यावीरररुं शूर मर्त्यं परिवृणक्षि मर्त्यम् । इन्द्रोत तुभ्यं तद्दिवे तद्रुद्राय स्वयशसे । मित्राय वोचं वरुणाय सप्रथः सुमृळीकाय सप्रथः ॥
dasmo hi ṣmā vṛṣaṇam pinvasi tvacaṃ kaṃ cid yāvīr araruṃ śūra martyam parivṛṇakṣi martyam | indrota tubhyaṃ tad dive tad rudrāya svayaśase | mitrāya vocaṃ varuṇāya saprathaḥ sumṛḻīkāya saprathaḥ ||
English translation:
“You, the subduer (of adversaries), pierce every rain (confining) skin; you overtake, hero, every flying mortal (cloud), and abandon (it) when exhausted (of its water) for such glorious deed, Indra, I offer praise to you; to heaven; to the self-glorifying Rudra; to Mitra; (to each) the benefactor (of mankind) for such glorious (deed).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Yāvir aruram martyam, parivṛṇakṣi martyam = you mix with the departing mortal, you abandon the mortal;
Martyam = cloud, the skin that contains the rain, vṛṣanam, tvacam, trying to escape, like an enemy, from the hero Śura; the second martyam = cloud, but after it has parted with its water, like an enemy who has been killed, and whom the victor abandons. [rudrāya svayaśase = to Rudra,i.e. Agni (rudro vai krūro yadayamagniḥ (Taittirīya Samhitā 6.2.3.2),possessed o fhis own fame, svakīyayaśo- yuktāya agnaye
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): parucchepo daivodāsiḥ [parucchepa daivodāsi];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāḍatyaṣṭiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
द॒स्मः । हि । ष्म॒ । वृष॑णम् । पिन्व॑सि । त्वच॑म् । कम् । चि॒त् । या॒वीः॒ । अ॒ररु॑म् । शू॒र॒ । मर्त्य॑म् । प॒रि॒ऽवृ॒णक्षि॑ । मर्त्य॑म् । इन्द्र॑ । उ॒त । तुभ्य॑म् । तत् । दि॒वे । तत् । रु॒द्राय॑ । स्वऽय॑शसे । मि॒त्राय॑ । वोच॑म् । वरु॑णाय । स॒ऽप्रथः॑ । सु॒ऽमृ॒ळी॒काय॑ । स॒ऽप्रथः॑ ॥
दस्मः । हि । ष्म । वृषणम् । पिन्वसि । त्वचम् । कम् । चित् । यावीः । अररुम् । शूर । मर्त्यम् । परिवृणक्षि । मर्त्यम् । इन्द्र । उत । तुभ्यम् । तत् । दिवे । तत् । रुद्राय । स्वयशसे । मित्राय । वोचम् । वरुणाय । सप्रथः । सुमृळीकाय । सप्रथः ॥
dasmaḥ | hi | ṣma | vṛṣaṇam | pinvasi | tvacam | kam | cit | yāvīḥ | ararum | śūra | martyam | pari-vṛṇakṣi | martyam | indra | uta | tubhyam | tat | dive | tat | rudrāya | sva-yaśase | mitrāya | vocam | varuṇāya | sa-prathaḥ | su-mṛḷīkāya | s-prathaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.129.3 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“overlord.”
[adverb]
“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
[adverb]
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“bullocky; potent; powerful; strong; manly; aroused; potent; much(a); male; large.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“swell; swell; overflow; abound.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“skin; bark; peel; hide; complexion; hide; Rasa; rind.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“keep away; separate; ward off.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“hero; cock; śūra; Śūra; Vatica robusta; Plumbago zeylanica; warrior; hero; attacker; lentil; wild boar; lion; dog.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
[noun], dative, singular
“you.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“Shiva; Rudra; eleven; rudra [word]; eleventh.”
[noun]
“own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“fame; Yaśas.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“say; describe; name; tell; address; enumerate; call; state; teach; explain; say; declare; speak; define; declare; order; address; recommend; answer; deem; recite; approve; proclaim; indicate; determine; mention; designate.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“extensive; wide; extended.”
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“compassion; favor.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“extensive; wide; extended.”