Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.59.2
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
मू॒र्धा दि॒वो नाभि॑र॒ग्निः पृ॑थि॒व्या अथा॑भवदर॒ती रोद॑स्योः । तं त्वा॑ दे॒वासो॑ऽजनयन्त दे॒वं वैश्वा॑नर॒ ज्योति॒रिदार्या॑य ॥
मूर्धा दिवो नाभिरग्निः पृथिव्या अथाभवदरती रोदस्योः । तं त्वा देवासोऽजनयन्त देवं वैश्वानर ज्योतिरिदार्याय ॥
mūrdhā divo nābhir agniḥ pṛthivyā athābhavad aratī rodasyoḥ | taṃ tvā devāso 'janayanta devaṃ vaiśvānara jyotir id āryāya ||
English translation:
“Agni, the head of heaven, the navel of earth, became the ruler over both earth and heaven; all the gods engendered you, Vaiśvānara, in the form of light, for the venerable sage.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
This is the first verse of a tṛca to be recited on the day of the equinox. Agni is the head of heaven, as the principal element; Agni is the navel of earth, as its main source of support. Āryāya may refer to Manu as the instrumental tutor of the first sacrifice or to the yajamāna, the instrumental tutor of the present rite
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): nodhā gautamaḥ [nodhas gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agnirvaiśvānaraḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
मू॒र्धा । दि॒वः । नाभिः॑ । अ॒ग्निः । पृ॒थि॒व्याः । अथ॑ । अ॒भ॒व॒त् । अ॒र॒तिः । रोद॑स्योः । तम् । त्वा॒ । दे॒वासः॑ । अ॒ज॒न॒य॒न्त॒ । दे॒वम् । वैश्वा॑नर । ज्योतिः॑ । इत् । आर्या॑य ॥
मूर्धा । दिवः । नाभिः । अग्निः । पृथिव्याः । अथ । अभवत् । अरतिः । रोदस्योः । तम् । त्वा । देवासः । अजनयन्त । देवम् । वैश्वानर । ज्योतिः । इत् । आर्याय ॥
mūrdhā | divaḥ | nābhiḥ | agniḥ | pṛthivyāḥ | atha | abhavat | aratiḥ | rodasyoḥ | tam | tvā | devāsaḥ | ajanayanta | devam | vaiśvānara | jyotiḥ | it | āryāya
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.59.2 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“head; battlefront; peak; top; mūrdhan [word]; leader; top.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“navel; hub; kinship; beginning; origin; umbilical cord; nābhi [word]; friendship; center.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], genitive, singular, feminine
“Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”
[adverb]
“now; then; furthermore; now; then.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“charioteer.”
[noun], genitive, dual, feminine
“heaven and earth; Earth.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], accusative, singular
“you.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“cause; give birth; produce; beget; generate; originate; create; create; make.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Agni; fire; Vaiśvānara; Vaiśvānara; sacrificial fire; sun.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“light; star; luminosity; fire; jyotis [word]; digestion; planet; light; sunlight.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“Ārya; Ārya.”