Ri, Ṛ, R, Ṝ, Ṟ, Ṟi, Ṟī, Rì: 27 definitions
Introduction:
Ri means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Ṛ and Ṝ can be transliterated into English as R or Ri, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
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In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
1) R (र्).—Second letter of the यण् (yaṇ) class (semi-vowels) which has got the properties नादभागित्व, घोषवत्त्व (nādabhāgitva, ghoṣavattva),' संवृतत्व (saṃvṛtatva) and अल्पप्राणता (alpaprāṇatā) i. e. it is a sonant, inaspirate consonant. Regarding its स्थान (sthāna) or place of production, there is a difference of opinion : generally the consonant र् (r) is looked upon as a cerebral or lingual letter (मूर्धन्य (mūrdhanya)); cf ऋटुरषाणां मूर्धा (ṛṭuraṣāṇāṃ mūrdhā)， S.K.also Pan. Siksa; but it is called by some as दन्त्य (dantya) or दन्तमूलीयः (dantamūlīyaḥ) cf रेफस्तु दस्त्ये दन्तमूले वा (rephastu dastye dantamūle vā) RT. 8, by others as दन्तमूलीय (dantamūlīya) and and by still others as वर्स्त्य (varstya) gingival. In the Vajasaneyi-Pratisakhya it is described as दन्तमूलीय (dantamūlīya); cf रो दन्तमूल (ro dantamūla) I. 68, while in the Taittiriya Pratisakhya it is said to be produced by the touch of the middle part of the tip of the tongue just above the root of the teeth ; cf. रेफे जिह्वाग्रमध्येन प्रत्यग्दन्तमूलेभ्यः (rephe jihvāgramadhyena pratyagdantamūlebhyaḥ) T. Pr. II. 41;
2) R.—Substitute र् (r) (रेफ (repha)) for the final letter of the word अहन् (ahan), as also for the final of अम्रस्, ऊधस्, अवस् (amras, ūdhas, avas) and भुवस् (bhuvas) optionally with रु (ru), which (रु (ru)) is dropped before vowels, and changed to ओ (o) before अ (a) and soft consonants, while it is changed into visarga before hard consonants and surds.e.g. अम्नरेव, अम्र एवः ऊधरेव, ऊधएवः (amnareva, amra evaḥ ūdhareva, ūdhaevaḥ) cf. Kas. on P. VIII, 2-70:
3) R.—The consonants र (ra) (technically) called रु (ru) in Panini's grammar) which is substituted for the consonant स् (s) and for the consonant न् (n) of the word अहन् (ahan) when the consonant स् (s) or न् (n) stands at the end of a word. This substitute रु (ru), unlike the substitute र् (r) is liable to be changed into visarga, or the consonant य् (y), or the vowel उ (u) by P. VIII.3.15, 17, VI.1.113, 114.
4) Ṛ (ऋ).—Word-form of the ajbhakti or svarabhakti (a term used in the ancient Prātiśākhya works), where ऋ (ṛ) is looked upon as the consonant र् (r) surrounded by, or followed by the nature of a vowel. ऋ (ṛ) as a vowel is possessed of one mātrā of which in svarabhakti, the consonant र् (r) possesses half and the svarabhakti possesses half; cf रेफात् स्वरोपहिताह्यञ्जनोदयाद् ऋकारवर्णा स्वरभाक्तिरूत्तरा (rephāt svaropahitāhyañjanodayād ṛkāravarṇā svarabhāktirūttarā) R. Pr. VI.13.
5) Ṝ (ॠ).—Long variety of the vowel ऋ.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Ṛ (ऋ).—This letter means "sound". (Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 348).
Ri (रि) refers to the name of a Ṛṣi (sage) mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. ). Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Ri) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism
日 [ri]—sūrya; the sun; a day. 蘇利耶 [su li ye].
1) 日 ts = rì p refers to [noun] “sun; sūrya”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao]; Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: sūrya, or: dinakara, Japanese: hi, or: ni, or: nichi, Tibetan: nyi ma'am nyin byed (BCSD '日 [ri]', p. 594; DJBT '日 [ri]', p. 428; Mahāvyutpatti 'dinakaraḥ'; SH '日 [ri]', p. 155).
2) 日 ts = rì p refers to [noun] “a day; divasa”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao]; Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: divasa, Tibetan: nyin mo (BCSD '日 [ri]', p. 594; Mahāvyutpatti 'divasaḥ'; MW 'divasa'; SH '日 [ri]', p. 155)..
Chinese Buddhism (漢傳佛教, hanchuan fojiao) is the form of Buddhism that developed in China, blending Mahayana teachings with Daoist and Confucian thought. Its texts are mainly in Classical Chinese, based on translations from Sanskrit. Major schools include Chan (Zen), Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan. Chinese Buddhism has greatly influenced East Asian religion and culture.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
ṛ (ऋ).—
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ṛ (ऋ).—The seventh vowel. The sound of it can be represented by no English letter, and must be acquired by the ear. R̤i is here used for it.
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rī (री).—f (Imit.) The second of the musical notes. 2 The word or sound upon which the mate or second of a singer dwells and rings, whilst his principal proceeds to the next line. v dē, dhara, ōḍha.
ṛ (ऋ).—The seventh vowel.
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rī (री).—or
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rī (री).—or -
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rī (री).—or -
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Ṛ (ऋ).—ind. An interjection of (1) calling; (2) ridicule; (3) censure or abuse; (4) used at the beginning of a sentence.
-ṛḥ cf. ऋनि- र्ऋतिर्नलो नाकः खगराडथ वासुकिः । शालः पितृस्वसुः पुत्रोऽदितिर्दितिरुमा रमा (ṛni- rṛtirnalo nākaḥ khagarāḍatha vāsukiḥ | śālaḥ pitṛsvasuḥ putro'ditirditirumā ramā) || Ek.
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Ṛ (ऋ).—I. 1 P. [ऋच्छति, आर, आर्षीत्, अरिष्यति, ऋत (ṛcchati, āra, ārṣīt, ariṣyati, ṛta); caus. अर्पयति (arpayati); desid. अरिरिषति (aririṣati); अरार्यते (arāryate) reduplicative (atyarthamṛcchati) cf. किमभीरुररार्यसे (kimabhīrurarāryase) Bhaṭṭikāvya 4.21.]
1) To go, move; अम्भच्छा- यामच्छामृच्छति (ambhacchā- yāmacchāmṛcchati) Śiśupālavadha 4.44. यथाश्मानमृत्वा लोष्ठो विध्वंसेत (yathāśmānamṛtvā loṣṭho vidhvaṃseta) Bṛ. Up.1.3.7.
2) To rise, tend towards. -II. 3 P. (iyarti, ārat, ṛta Mostly used in the Veda.)
1) To go.
2) To move, shake.
3) To obtain, gain, acquire, reach, meet with.
4) To move, excite, raise (as voice, words &c.) वाचमियर्ति (vācamiyarti).
5) To display. -III. 5 P. (ṛṇoti, ṛṇa)
1) To injure, hurt.
2) To attack. -Caus. (arpayati, ārpipat, arpita)
1) To throw, cast, fling; fix or implant in; हृदि शल्यमर्पितम् (hṛdi śalyamarpitam) R.8.87.
2) To put or place on, fix upon, direct or cast towards (as the eye &c.); वामत्रकोष्ठार्पितहेमवेत्रः (vāmatrakoṣṭhārpitahemavetraḥ) Kumārasambhava 3.41; Ś.6.5,17,3.26; R.17. 79; Ś.6.8; Bhaṭṭikāvya 5.9; Kumārasambhava 6.11; R.15.77; Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 8.7, 12.14; करपल्लवार्पित (karapallavārpita) Śiśupālavadha 9.54.
3) To place in, insert, give, set or place; अपथे पदमर्पयन्ति हि (apathe padamarpayanti hi) R.9.74,78; चित्रार्पिताम् (citrārpitām) Ś.6.15 drawn in a picture; R.2.31; द्वारदेशे (dvāradeśe) Amaru. 62; V.4.35; Mu.7.6; Bhartṛhari 3.18; लोकोत्तरं चरितमर्पयति प्रतिष्ठाम् (lokottaraṃ caritamarpayati pratiṣṭhām) R. G.
4) To hand or make over; give to, give in charge of, consign, deliver; इति सूतस्याभरणान्यर्पयति (iti sūtasyābharaṇānyarpayati) Ś.1,4. 19; Bhaṭṭikāvya 8.118; Y.2.65.
5) To give up, sacrifice (as the inherent sense); अत्र कलिङ्गगङ्गाशब्दौ आत्मानमर्पयतः (atra kaliṅgagaṅgāśabdau ātmānamarpayataḥ) S. D.2.
6) To give back, restore; अर्पितप्रकृतिकान्तिभिर्मुखैः (arpitaprakṛtikāntibhirmukhaiḥ) R.19.1; Bhaṭṭikāvya 15.16; Amaruśataka 94; Manusmṛti 8.191; Y.2. 169.
7) To pierce through, perforate, penetrate.
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Ṝ (ॠ).—ind. An interjection of (1) terror; (2) warding off; (3) reproach or censure; (4) compassion; (5) remembrance; (6) Commencement of speech; (7) protection; (8) pride; (9) looking up. -m.
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Ṝ (ॠ).—
1) Name of Bhairava.
2) A Dānava or demon. -f.
1) The mother of the gods; also of the demons.
2) Recollection.
3) Motion, going. -n. The breast. (cf. also ṛrniṣedho bhavaḥ pūṣā varuṇo'mararāḍajaḥ | karī tarurnaraḥ pāpmā vidvānatha ramāpatiḥ || Enm.)
Derivable forms: ṝḥ (ॠः).
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Ṝ (ॠ).—9 P. (ṝṇāti, īrṇa) To go, move. रुणवर्णः स्यात्क्लीबः पापी पराजितः । वीतरागोऽथ पाखण्डी कमलं मरणं च लृ (ruṇavarṇaḥ syātklībaḥ pāpī parājitaḥ | vītarāgo'tha pākhaṇḍī kamalaṃ maraṇaṃ ca lṛ) || Enm.
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Ri (रि).—(for ṛṣabha) The second note of the Indian Gamut.
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Ri (रि).—I. 6 P. (riyati, rīṇa) To go, move. -II. 5 P. (riṇoti) To hurt. -III. 9 U. (riṇāti-te)
1) To drive out, expel.
2) Ved. To separate.
3) To emit.
4) To give, grant.
5) To go, move.
6) To hurt.
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Rī (री).—I. 4 Ā. (rīyate) To trickle, drip, distil, ooze, flow. -II. 9 U. (riṇāti, riṇīte, rīṇa; caus. repayati-te)
1) To go, move.
2) To hurt, injure, kill.
3) To howl.
Ṛ (ऋ).—The seventh vowel of the Sanskrit alphabet, and peculiar to it. It corresponds in sound with Ri, in merrily.
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Ṛ (ऋ).—f. (ā) A name of Aditi, the mother of the gods. ind. 1. An expression of abuse. 2. An articulate sound. 3. An expression of laughter. 4. A sound inarticulate or reiterated as in stammering.
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Ṛ (ऋ).—r. 1st cl. (ṛcchati) 1. To go, to approach. 2. To gain, to acquire; (the radical is changed to ṛcha before an initial mute śa.) r. 3rd cl. (īyartti) To go; (some confine this root to the Vedas.) r. 5th cl. (ṛṇoti) To kill, to injure; also ri.
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Ṝ (ॠ).—The long vowel corresponding to the short one preceding, and having the sound of Ri long.
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Ṝ (ॠ).—r. 9th cl. (gi) (ṝṇoti) To go or move.
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Ṝ (ॠ).—f. (rī) 1. The mother of the gods. 2. Also of the demons. 3. Recollection. m. (ā) 1. A name of Bhairava. 2. An Asura or demon. 3. The breast. 4. Motion, going. ind. 1. Incipient particle. 2. An interjection of compassion. 3. Of reproach. 4. Of terror. 5. A mystical letter used in the Tantras. ḷ
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Ri (रि).—r. 5th cl. (riṇoti) To hurt or injure. r. 6th cl. (riyati) To go, to move.
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Ri (रि).—m.
(-riḥ) 1. The tone of voice by which the note Rishabha is uttered. 2. Dancing, tumbling. 3. Waste, loss. f.
(-riḥ) 1. Wish, desire. 2. Light, lustre. E. rā to give, aff. ki .
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Rī (री).—r. 9th cl. (riṇāti) 1. To hurt, to injure. 2. To go, to move. 3. To howl, as a wild beast. (ṅ) rīṅ r. 4th cl. (rīyate) 1. To distil, to ooze, to drop. 2. To fall, to alight. r. 2nd cl. (reti) To bear or conceive, (as a child.)
Ṛ (ऋ).—i. 1, ṛccha (in epic poetry also arccha = ), ii. 3; 5; 9 [Parasmaipada.] 1. To go. 2. To go to. 3. To undergo. With abstracts (cf. i): [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 1, 53, glānim ṛcchati, To become inert; Mahābhārata 3, 2166, mṛtyum, To die; arch, [Nala] 7, 4; Mahābhārata 3, 84; [Nalodya, (ed. Benary.)] 2, 10, yuddharaṅgatām āra, To become the field of battle. 4. To rise, ṛ-ṇu. 5. To meet, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 351; to attain, [Nalodya, (ed. Benary.)] 1, 32; to fall on, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 18, ṛccha. 6. To gain, to acquire. 7. To move, to raise, ved. ii. 3, iyarmi. 8. To open, ii. 5. 9. To attack, Mahābhārata 4, 1059, ṛccha. 10. To hurt; ṛta, and ṛte, see separately.
— [Causal.] arpaya, 1. To cast; arpita, thrown, Ragh, 8, 87; turned, [Bhagavadgītā, (ed. Schlegel.)] 8, 7. 2. To fasten, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] [distich] 133. 3. To pierce. 4. To put, [Raghuvaṃśa, (ed. Stenzler.)] 9, 74. 5. To deliver, [Yājñavalkya, (ed. Stenzler.)] 2, 65; [Daśakumāracarita] in
— arpita. 1. Cut in, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] [distich] 74. 2. Written, [Raghuvaṃśa, (ed. Stenzler.)] 17, 79.
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Ṝ (ॠ).—Ṛ10, ii. 5, To go (cf. ṛ and īr).
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Ri (रि).—i. 6, riya, [Parasmaipada.] To go.
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Ri (रि).—ii. 5, v. r. for ṛ, ii. 5, To hurt.
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Rī (री).—ii. 9, riṇā, riṇī. [Parasmaipada.] 1. To go. 2. To howl. 3. To hart.
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Rī (री).—i. 4, [Ātmanepada.] To distil, to ooze, to drop.
— With the prep. anu anu, To drop after, to follow dropping,
— Cf. [Gothic.] and [Anglo-Saxon.] rinnan (based on ii. 5).
Ṛ (ऋ).—iyarti ṛṇoti ṛṇute ṛṇvati ṛcchati ṛcchate arcchati arti pp ṛta (q.v.) move (tr.), raise, excite; move ([intransitive]), rise, hasten, meet with, get at, reach, attain. [Causative] arpayati hurl, throw, pierce, send, put, place, fasten or fix in, turn, direct (eyes or mind); offer, deliver, give back, restore.
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Ri (रि).—rī, riṇāti, riṇīte, rīyate, [participle] rīṇa A. let loose, sever from ([ablative]); cause to run or stream, emit, grant, bestow; [Middle] flow, run, dissolve.
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Rī (री).—v. ri.
1) Ṛ (ऋ):—1. ṛ the seventh vowel of the Sanskṛt alphabet and peculiar to it (resembling the sound of ri in merrily).
2) 2. ṛ ind. an interjection expressing laughter, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) a particle implying abuse, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) a sound inarticulate or reiterated as in stammering, [Horace H. Wilson]
5) 3. ṛ m. heaven, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) f. Name of Aditi, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) 4. ṛ [class] 1. 3. 5.[Parasmaipada] ṛcchati, iyarti, ṛṇoti, and ṛṇvati (only [Vedic or Veda]);
— āra, ariṣyati, ārat, and ārṣīt, to go, move, rise, tend upwards, [Ṛg-veda; Nirukta, by Yāska] etc.;
—to go towards, meet with, fall upon or into, reach, obtain, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Chāndogya-upaniṣad; Mahābhārata] etc.;
—to fall to one’s share, occur, befall (with [accusative]), [Ṛg-veda; Aitareya-brāhmaṇa; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Manu-smṛti] etc.;
—to advance towards a foe, attack, invade, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Mahābhārata; Manu-smṛti];
—to hurt, offend, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa vii];
—to move, excite, erect, raise, (iyarti vācam, he raises his voice, [Ṛg-veda ii, 42, 2]; stomān iyarmi, I sing hymns, [Ṛg-veda i, 116, 1]), [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda vi, 22, 3] :—[Causal] arpayati, to cause to move, throw, cast, [Atharva-veda x, 9, 1; Raghuvaṃśa] etc.;
—to cast through, pierce, [Atharva-veda];
—to put in or upon, place, insert, fix into or upon, fasten, [Ṛg-veda; Śākaṭāyana; Kumāra-sambhava; Bhagavad-gītā] etc.;
—to place on, apply, [Kathāsaritsāgara; Ratnāvalī; Raghuvaṃśa] etc.;
—to direct or turn towards, [Rāmāyaṇa; Bhagavad-gītā] etc.;
—to deliver up, surrender, offer, reach over, present, give, [Yājñavalkya; Pañcatantra; Vikramorvaśī] etc.;
—to give back, restore, [Manu-smṛti viii, 191; Yājñavalkya; Śakuntalā] etc.: [Vedic or Veda] [Intensive] alarti, [Ṛg-veda viii, 48, 8];—(2. sg. alarṣi, [Ṛg-veda viii, 1, 7; Pāṇini 7-4, 65]);
—to move or go towards with speed or zeal: Class. [Intensive] [Ātmanepada] arāryate ([Pāṇini 7-4, 30]), to wander about, haste towards, [Bhaṭṭi-kāvya; Patañjali; Kāśikā-vṛtti];
8) cf. [Greek] ὄρ-νυ-μι, ἐρ-έ-της, ἀρό-ω, etc.: Zend √ir: [Latin] or-ior, re-mus, aro: [Gothic] argan: [Anglo-Saxon] ār: Old High [German] ruo-dar, ar-an: [Lithuanian] ir-ti, ‘to row’; ar-ti, ‘to plough.’
9) Ṝ (ॠ):—1. ṝ the eighth vowel of the alphabet (the corresponding long vowel to ṛ and resembling the sound of ri in marine, but after labials more like ru; it generally only appears in some forms of nouns in ṛ, viz. in the [genitive case] [plural] of all genders, in the [accusative] [plural] m. and f. and in [nominative case] [accusative] and [vocative case] [plural] n.)
10) 2. ṝ ind. an interjection of terror, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) a particle implying reproach
12) warding off, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
13) a particle used at the beginning of a sentence, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
14) 3. ṝ m. a Bhairava, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
15) a Dānava, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
16) f. the mother of the gods
17) of the demons, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
18) recollection
19) going, motion, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
20) n. a breast, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
21) 4. ṝ for 4. ṛ q.v.
22) Rī (री):—[from ra] a f. going, motion, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
23) Ri (रि):—1a See √1. rī.
24) 2. ri (ifc.) = rai3 (cf. ati-ri, bṛhad-ri).
25) 3. ri (for ṛṣabha), the second note of the Hindū gamut.
26) Rī (री):—1. rī or ri (cf. √li) [class] 9. [Parasmaipada] ([Dhātupāṭha xxxi, 30]) riṇāti [class] 4. [Parasmaipada] ([Dhātupāṭha xxvi, 29]) rīyate (riṇīte, [Ṛg-veda; Brāhmaṇa; Gṛhya-sūtra and śrauta-sūtra]; riyati, [Dhātupāṭha xxviii, 111]; [imperfect tense] ariṇvan, [Maitrāyaṇī-saṃhitā]; [grammar] [perfect tense] rirāya, rirye; [Aorist] araiṣīt, areṣṭa; [future] retā; reṣyati, te; [infinitive mood] retum),
—to release, set free, let go, [Ṛg-veda];
—to sever, detach from ([ablative]), [ib.];
—to yield, bestow, [Atharva-veda];
— ([Ātmanepada]) to be shattered or dissolved, melt, become fluid, drop, flow, [Ṛg-veda] :—[Causal] repayati ([Aorist] arīripat) [grammar]:—[Desiderative] rirīṣati, te, [ib.] : [Intensive] rerīyate, rerayīti, [ib.]
27) Ri (रि):—1b or rī (cf. √li) [class] 9. [Parasmaipada] ([Dhātupāṭha xxxi, 30]) riṇāti [class] 4. [Parasmaipada] ([Dhātupāṭha xxvi, 29]) rīyate (riṇīte, [Ṛg-veda; Brāhmaṇa; Gṛhya-sūtra and śrauta-sūtra]; riyati, [Dhātupāṭha xxviii, 111]; [imperfect tense] ariṇvan, [Maitrāyaṇī-saṃhitā]; [grammar] [perfect tense] rirāya, rirye; [Aorist] araiṣīt, areṣṭa; [future] retā; reṣyati, te; [infinitive mood] retum),
—to release, set free, let go, [Ṛg-veda];
—to sever, detach from ([ablative]), [ib.];
—to yield, bestow, [Atharva-veda];
— ([Ātmanepada]) to be shattered or dissolved, melt, become fluid, drop, flow, [Ṛg-veda] :—[Causal] repayati ([Aorist] arīripat) [grammar]:—[Desiderative] rirīṣati, te, [ib.] : [Intensive] rerīyate, rerayīti, [ib.]
28) Rī (री):—2. rī = rai in ṛdhad-rī q.v.
29) 3. rī f. See under 3. ra, p. 859, col. 3.
1) Ṛ (ऋ):—The seventh vowel of the Sanscrit alphabet, as r in merry.
2) (ā) 4. f. A name of Aditī mother of the gods. An interjection of abuse, laughter, &c.
3) ṛcchati 1. a. To go; to gain. (li, ra) īyartti 3. a. To go. (na, ra) ṛṇoti 5. a. To injure, to kill.
4) Ṝ (ॠ):—The long vowel corresponding to the short one preceding.
5) (gi) ṝṇāti 9. a. To go.
6) (rī) 4. f. The mother of the gods; also of the demons; recollection. m. Shiva, a demon. (ā) 4. m. The breast; motion. Interj. alas! A magic letter.
7) Ri (रि):—(na) riṇoti 5. a. To hurt or injure. (śa) riyati 6. a. To move.
8) (riḥ) 2. m. The tone of voice by which the second note is uttered; dancing; loss. f. Wish; lustre.
9) Rī (री):—(ga) rīṇāti 9. a. To hurt; to go; to howl. (la) reti 2. a. To conceive or bear a child. (ya, ṅa) rīyate 4. d. To distil; to fall.
Ṛ (ऋ):—
1) interj. gaṇa cādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 4, 57.] a) des Tadels. — b) vākye [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 7, 5.] [Medinīkoṣa avyaya (s. Med.) 6.] — c) des Lachens. — d) vākyavikāre [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] —
2) f. ein Name der Aditi [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 1, 1, 6.] [Medinīkoṣa avyaya (s. Med.)]
--- OR ---
Ṝ (ॠ):—Mit keinem der obenstehenden Vocale lautet irgend ein SanskritWort an: das ṝ erscheint bekanntlich nur im gen. pl. der Stämme auf ar, im acc. pl. der weiblichen Verwandtschaftsnamen auf ar und im nom. voc. acc. pl. der neutralen Stämme auf ar; das ḷ nur in einigen Formen von der Wurzel kalp; ḹ endlich ist eine blosse Erfindung der Grammatiker um nicht den letzten einfachen Vocal des Alphabets seiner entsprechenden Länge, die allen übrigen Kürzen zur Seite stand, zu berauben. Die Lexicographen haben nicht ermangelt jedem Laut des Alphabets auch eine Wortbedeutung zu ertheilen, und so sind auch die drei in Rede stehenden Vocale zu dieser unverdienten Ehre gelangt.
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Ṝ (ॠ):—
1) interj. zur Bez. des Anfangs einer Rede (vākyārambha) und als Ausdruck der Abwehr (rakṣā) [Medinīkoṣa avyaya (s. Med.) 6.] des Tadels und der Furcht [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] —
2) subst. Brust (nach [Śabdakalpadruma] n.); Gedächtniss; Gang; ein Dānava; Bhairava; die Mutter der Götter und auch die der Ungötter (devātmāyāṃ danau) [Medinīkoṣa 6. 7.] Nach [Śabdakalpadruma] lautet der nom. sg. ṝs, nach [Wilson’s Wörterbuch] für das m. ā, für das f. rī .
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Ri (रि):—
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Ri (रि):—2. = rai am Ende eines adj. comp.; vgl. atiri, bṛhadri und [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1. 1, 48. 2, 47.]
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Ri (रि):—3. als Bez. der zweiten Note eine Abkürzung von ṛṣabha [Oxforder Handschriften 200,b,8.]
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Rī (री):—1. Verbalwurzel s. u. 1. ri .
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Rī (री):—2. = rai in ṛdhadrī .
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Rī (री):—3. f. s. u. ra
2) b).
Ṛ (ऋ):—1. Interj. des Tadels und des Lachens , vākye und vākyavikāre.
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Ṛ (ऋ):—2. f. Beiname der Āditi.
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Ṝ (ॠ):——
1) Interj. des Tadels , der Furcht , rakṣāyām und vākyārambhe. —
2) Brust , Gedächtniss , Gang , ein Dānava , Bhairava , die Mutter der Götter und die der Ungötter.
--- OR ---
Ri (रि):—1. , rī , riṇāti , riṇīte , rīyate , riyati ; —
1) freilassen , -machen , laufen lassen. —
2) losmachen , ablösen , abtrennen , — von (Abl.). —
3) entlassen , so v.a. verleihen. —
4) Med. in Stücke gehen , sich auflösen ; in’s Fliessen gerathen. rīṇa aufgelöst , verschwunden [Śiśupālavadha 14,63.] — *Caus. repayati. — Mit anu Med. nachfliessen , mit Acc. — Mit ā —
1) laufen lassen. —
2) Med. laufen. — Mit ni —
1) auflösen , trennen , zerstören ; zerreissen. —
2) freimachen , so v.a. enthüllen. —
3) Med. sich frei machen , entrinnen. — Mit nis —
1) ablösen. —
2) anlocken oder verführen. — Mit pra —
1) abtrennen , austreiben. —
2) Med. etwa eindringen in (Dat.) [Ṛgveda (roth). 5,7,8.] — Mit vi zertrennen. — Mit saṃ —
1) zusammenspülen [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 6,18.] —
2) zusammenfügen , herstellen , einrichten.
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Ri (रि):—2. am Ende eines adj. Comp. = rai. Vgl. atiri (unter atirai) und bṛhadri.
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Ri (रि):—3. die zweite Note. Abkürzung von ṛṣabha.
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Rī (री):—1. , rīyate s.u. 1. ri.
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Rī (री):—2. = rai in ṛdhadrī.
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Rī (री):—3. f. s.u. ra 4).
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
1) Ṛ (ऋ) [Also spelled hri]:——the seventh vowel and the seventh letter of the Devnagri: alphabet. In Hindi, however, [ṛ] is used in writing only [tatsama] words, and is not accepted as a vowel within the Hindi phonetic set-up.
2) R in Hindi refers in English to:——the second amongst the series [ya, ra, la, va] of the Devnagri: alphabet, (traditionally) designated as semi-vowels—[amta:stha;]; see [ya ramka]..—r (र) is alternatively transliterated as Ra.
3) Rī (री):—(ind) a non-honorofic vocative particle used in addressing a female (as [kyoṃ rī]!); a genetive feminine suffix (see [rā]).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Ṛ (ಋ):—[noun] the seventh letter and the seventh vowel of Kannaḍa alphabet.
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Ri (ರಿ):—[noun] the second tone or note in the ascending scale of Indian music, corresponding to 'D' in C major.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Tamil dictionary
R (ர்) . The 12th consonant, a medial; நெடுங் கணக்கில் பன்னிரண்டா மெய்யான இடையெழுத்து. [nedung kanakkil panniranda meyyana idaiyezhuthu.]
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Ri (ரி) . The compound of ர் [r] and இ. [i.]
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Ri (ரி) noun < ṛṣabha. (Music) The symbol of riṣabham, the second note of the gamut; ரிஷ பச்சுரத்தின் எழுத்து. (திவா.) [risha pachurathin ezhuthu. (thiva.)]
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Rī (ரீ) . The compound ர் [r] and ஈ. [i.]
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Ṟ (ற்) . The 17th consonant, a hard medial; நெடுங்கணக்கிற் பதினேழாம் மெய்யான வல் லெழுத்து. [nedunganakkir pathinezham meyyana val lezhuthu.]
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Ṟi (றி) . The compound of ற் [r] and இ. [i.]
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Ṟī (றீ) . The compound of ற் [r] and ஈ. [i.]
Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.
Nepali dictionary
Ṛ (ऋ):—n. the seventh vocalic sound of the Devanagari syllabary; the pronunciation is commonly depicted as /ri/, /ɻ̩/, /r/, /ɾɪ/, and /ri/ is adopted in this dictionary;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
Chinese-English dictionary
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
日 [rì] [ri]—
Noun. A character used in personal names (人名用字 [ren ming yong zi]). For example, during the Han Dynasty (漢代 [han dai]), there was 金磾 [jin di] (Jīn Mìdī).
日：[名]
人名用字。如漢代有金日磾。
rì:[míng]
rén míng yòng zì. rú hàn dài yǒu jīn rì dī.
ri:[ming]
ren ming yong zi. ru han dai you jin ri di.
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
日 [rì] [ri]—
[名 [ming]]
1. Sun. 漢 [han] (Han) Dynasty, 王充 [wang chong] (Wang Chong), 《論衡 [lun heng]》 (Lunheng)．《感虛 [gan xu]》 (Ganxu): "(The sun)'s movement is the movement of 天星 [tian xing] (celestial bodies)." 唐 [tang] (Tang) Dynasty, 李白 [li bai] (Li Bai), 〈古風 [gu feng]〉 (Gufeng) Poem 28 of 59: "Grass is green, frost is white, (the sun) sets in the west, 月 [yue] (the moon) rises again in the east."
2. Daytime. Opposite of 「夜 [ye] (night)」. 《詩經 [shi jing]》 (Classic of Poetry)．《唐風 [tang feng]》 (Tangfeng)．《葛生 [ge sheng]》 (Gesheng): "夏 [xia] (Summer)'s (day), 冬 [dong] (winter)'s 夜 [ye] (night), after a hundred years, return to their dwelling." 《孟子 [meng zi]》 (Mencius)．《離婁下 [li lou xia]》 (Lilou II): "周公 [zhou gong] (Duke of Zhou) thought of combining the 三王 [san wang] (three kings)' principles to implement the four affairs; if there was anything that didn't fit, he would look up and ponder it, 夜 [ye] (working day) 以繼 [yi ji] (and night)."
3. The time required for one rotation of the 地球 [de qiu] (Earth).
4. Every day. 《易經 [yi jing]》 (I Ching)．《大畜卦 [da chu gua]》 (Da Xu Hexagram): "《彖 [tuan]》 (The Commentary on the Decision) says: 'Great Accumulation' is strong, healthy, solid, and brilliant; it (daily) renews its 德 [de] (virtue)." 《論語 [lun yu]》 (Analects)．《學而 [xue er]》 (Xue Er): "I (daily) examine myself on three points."
5. A specific (day). Such as 「國慶 [guo qing](National Day)」, 「生 [sheng](birthday)」. 《書經 [shu jing]》 (Classic of History)．《舜典 [shun dian]》 (Shun Dian): "On the first (day) of the 正月 [zheng yue] (first month), he received the abdication in the 文祖 [wen zu] (ancestral temple of Wen)."
6. Season. Such as 「春 [chun](spring day)」, 「冬 [dong](winter day)」.
7. Time. 《漢書 [han shu]》 (Book of Han)．卷二五 [juan er wu]．《郊祀志下 [jiao si zhi xia]》 (Jiaosi Zhi Xia): "Wasting (days) and passing 年 [nian] (years), without the slightest proof, enough to measure the present."
8. Measure word. A unit for counting time. One (day) has twenty-four hours. Such as: 「家 [jia] (the family) 無三 [wu san] (no food for three days) 糧 [liang] (food)」.
9. Formerly, in the past. 《左傳 [zuo chuan]》 (Zuo Zhuan)．文公七年 [wen gong qi nian] (Duke Wen's 7th Year): "(Formerly), 衛 [wei] (Wei) was not harmonious, so its 地 [de] (territory) was taken." 《國語 [guo yu]》 (Guoyu)．《晉語四 [jin yu si]》 (Jinyu IV): "(Formerly), when I came here, it was not to take pride in the 狄 [di] (Di), but to accomplish things."
10. Abbreviation for 本 [ben] (Japan). Such as 「中條約 [zhong tiao yue] (Sino-Japanese Treaty)」, 「中 [zhong] (China)、美 [mei] (US)、英 [ying] (UK)、(Japan)、法 [fa] (France)」.
11. One of the 214 部首 [bu shou] (radicals).
日：[名]
1.太陽。漢．王充《論衡．感虛》：「日之行也，行天星度。」唐．李白〈古風〉詩五九首之二八：「草綠霜已白，日西月復東。」
2.白天。與「夜」相對。《詩經．唐風．葛生》：「夏之日，冬之夜，百歲之後，歸于其居。」《孟子．離婁下》：「周公思兼三王以施四事，其有不合者，仰而思之，夜以繼日。」
3.地球自轉一周所需的時間。
4.每天。《易經．大畜卦》：「《彖》曰：大畜剛健篤實輝光，日新其德。」《論語．學而》：「吾日三省吾身。」
5.特定的一日。如：「國慶日」、「生日」。《書經．舜典》：「正月上日，受終于文祖。」
6.季節。如：「春日」、「冬日」。
7.光陰。《漢書．卷二五．郊祀志下》：「曠日經年，靡有毫釐之驗，足以揆今。」
8.量詞。計算時間的單位。一日有二十四小時。如：「家無三日糧」。
9.從前、往昔。《左傳．文公七年》：「日衛不睦，故取其地。」《國語．晉語四》：「日，吾來此也，非以狄為榮，可以成事也。」
10.日本的簡稱。如：「中日條約」、「中、美、英、日、法」。
11.二一四部首之一。
rì:[míng]
1. tài yáng. hàn． wáng chōng < lùn héng． gǎn xū>: “rì zhī xíng yě, xíng tiān xīng dù.” táng． lǐ bái 〈gǔ fēng〉 shī wǔ jiǔ shǒu zhī èr bā: “cǎo lǜ shuāng yǐ bái, rì xī yuè fù dōng.”
2. bái tiān. yǔ “yè” xiāng duì. < shī jīng． táng fēng． gé shēng>: “xià zhī rì, dōng zhī yè, bǎi suì zhī hòu, guī yú qí jū.” < mèng zi． lí lóu xià>: “zhōu gōng sī jiān sān wáng yǐ shī sì shì, qí yǒu bù hé zhě, yǎng ér sī zhī, yè yǐ jì rì.”
3. de qiú zì zhuǎn yī zhōu suǒ xū de shí jiān.
4. měi tiān. < yì jīng． dà chù guà>: “ < tuàn> yuē: dà chù gāng jiàn dǔ shí huī guāng, rì xīn qí dé.” < lùn yǔ． xué ér>: “wú rì sān shěng wú shēn.”
5. tè dìng de yī rì. rú: “guó qìng rì” ,, “shēng rì” . < shū jīng． shùn diǎn>: “zhèng yuè shàng rì, shòu zhōng yú wén zǔ.”
6. jì jié. rú: “chūn rì” ,, “dōng rì” .
7. guāng yīn. < hàn shū． juǎn èr wǔ． jiāo sì zhì xià>: “kuàng rì jīng nián, mí yǒu háo lí zhī yàn, zú yǐ kuí jīn.”
8. liàng cí. jì suàn shí jiān de dān wèi. yī rì yǒu èr shí sì xiǎo shí. rú: “jiā wú sān rì liáng” .
9. cóng qián,, wǎng xī. < zuǒ chuán． wén gōng qī nián>: “rì wèi bù mù, gù qǔ qí de.” < guó yǔ． jìn yǔ sì>: “rì, wú lái cǐ yě, fēi yǐ dí wèi róng, kě yǐ chéng shì yě.”
10. rì běn de jiǎn chēng. rú: “zhōng rì tiáo yuē” ,, “zhōng,, měi,, yīng,, rì,, fǎ” .
11. èr yī sì bù shǒu zhī yī.
ri:[ming]
1. tai yang. han. wang chong < lun heng. gan xu>: "ri zhi xing ye, xing tian xing du." tang. li bai
2. bai tian. yu "ye" xiang dui. < shi jing. tang feng. ge sheng>: "xia zhi ri, dong zhi ye, bai sui zhi hou, gui yu qi ju." < meng zi. li lou xia>: "zhou gong si jian san wang yi shi si shi, qi you bu he zhe, yang er si zhi, ye yi ji ri."
3. de qiu zi zhuan yi zhou suo xu de shi jian.
4. mei tian. < yi jing. da chu gua>: " < tuan> yue: da chu gang jian du shi hui guang, ri xin qi de." < lun yu. xue er>: "wu ri san sheng wu shen."
5. te ding de yi ri. ru: "guo qing ri" ,, "sheng ri" . < shu jing. shun dian>: "zheng yue shang ri, shou zhong yu wen zu."
6. ji jie. ru: "chun ri" ,, "dong ri" .
7. guang yin. < han shu. juan er wu. jiao si zhi xia>: "kuang ri jing nian, mi you hao li zhi yan, zu yi kui jin."
8. liang ci. ji suan shi jian de dan wei. yi ri you er shi si xiao shi. ru: "jia wu san ri liang" .
9. cong qian,, wang xi. < zuo chuan. wen gong qi nian>: "ri wei bu mu, gu qu qi de." < guo yu. jin yu si>: "ri, wu lai ci ye, fei yi di wei rong, ke yi cheng shi ye."
10. ri ben de jian cheng. ru: "zhong ri tiao yue" ,, "zhong,, mei,, ying,, ri,, fa" .
11. er yi si bu shou zhi yi.
1) 釰 ts = rì p refers to [phonetic] “ri”; Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 [wen yan wen]; Notes: (Unihan '釰 [ri]') .
2) 日 ts = rì p refers to [noun] “day of the month; a certain day”; Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 [xian dai han yu] , Subdomain: time; Notes: (Barnes 2007, p. 31; Guoyu '日 [ri]' n 5; Unihan '日 [ri]')..
3) 日 ts = rì p refers to [noun] “Kangxi radical 72”; Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 [xian dai han yu] , Subdomain: Radicals; Notes: The sun (ABC back cover; Guoyu '日 [ri]' n 11; GHC p. 7)..
4) 日 ts = rì p refers to [noun] “a day”; Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 [xian dai han yu] , Subdomain: Nature; Notes: For example, 日新月異 [ri xin yue yi] 'daily renewal, monthly change' (Barnes 2007, p. 31; CCI p. 26; Guoyu '日 [ri]' n 3; Unihan '日 [ri]')...
5) 日 ts = rì p refers to [proper noun] “Japan”; Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 [xian dai han yu] , Subdomain: Geography , Concept: Country 国家 [guo jia]; Notes: Abbreviation for 日本 [ri ben] (Guoyu '日 [ri]' n 10)..
6) 日 ts = rì p refers to [noun] “sun”; Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 [wen yan wen]; Notes: In the sense of 太阳 [tai yang], for example, 日月盈昃 [ri yue ying ze] 'Sun high or low, moon full or parsed.' (QZW; Barnes 2007, p. 31; Guoyu '日 [ri]' n 1; Unihan '日 [ri]')..
7) 日 ts = rì p refers to [noun] “daytime”; Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 [wen yan wen]; Notes: In the sense of 白天 [bai tian] (Guoyu '日 [ri]' n 2; Unihan '日 [ri]')..
8) 日 ts = rì p refers to [noun] “sunlight”; Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 [wen yan wen]; Notes: (Barnes 2007, p. 31)..
9) 日 ts = rì p refers to [noun] “everyday”; Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 [wen yan wen]; Notes: In the sense of 每天 [mei tian] (Guoyu '日 [ri]' n 4)...
10) 日 ts = rì p refers to [noun] “season”; Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 [wen yan wen]; Notes: In the sense of 季节 [ji jie] (Guoyu '日 [ri]' n 6)...
11) 日 ts = rì p refers to [noun] “available time”; Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 [wen yan wen]; Notes: In the sense of 光阴 [guang yin] (Guoyu '日 [ri]' n 7)...
12) 日 ts = rì p refers to [measure word] “a day”; Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 [xian dai han yu] , Subdomain: time; Notes: As a unit of time (Guoyu '日 [ri]' n 8; Unihan '日 [ri]')..
13) 日 ts = rì p refers to [noun] “in the past”; Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 [wen yan wen]; Notes: (Guoyu '日 [ri]' n 9)..
14) 日 ts = rì p refers to [proper noun] “mi”; Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 [xian dai han yu] , Subdomain: Names; Notes: Used in names (Guoyu '日 [ri]' mì)..
日 [rì] refers to: “day”.
日 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 一日; 晝; 晝分; 蘇利耶; 日光; 平旦; 旦; 晨旦; 晨朝; 朝; 作光明; 光明; 然燈; 照耀; 燃燈.
[Sanskrit] arka-raśmi; kālyam; prabhaṃ-kara; suriya; tigma-bhānu; timira-nuda.
[Tibetan] zhag.
[Vietnamese] nhật.
[Korean] 일 / il.
[Japanese] ニチ / ヒ.
Chinese language.
Vietnamese-English dictionary
Ri (in Vietnamese) can be associated with the following Chinese and English terms:
1) Rị with 拭 [shì]: “to wipe”.
Vietnamese language.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+24): Renu, Ri ben fei shu, Ri ben nan wu wei zi, Ri ben qi ye shu, ri lnga, Ri sgog, Ri-hnim, Rian, Rian-nam, Riang, Riangata, Rianish, Riaya, Riayat, Riayata, Rib plantain, Ribaagh, Ribaba, Ribagha, Ribaghe.
Full-text (+29292): Ari, Shari, Rikara, Riti, Niri, Khari, Tadi, Bhuri, Renu, Tari, Riri, Jiri, Yiri, Ri yu, Upari, Rih, Ri guang, Churi, Siri, Ri zhong.
Relevant text
Search found 314 books and stories containing Ri, Ṛ, R, Ṝ, Ṟ, R s, Ree, Rī, Ṟi, Ṟī, Rì, Rị, Ri s, 囸, 日, 釰, 鈤, 馹, 驲; (plurals include: R ses, Rees, Ri ses). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
“Smart Is Not Smart Enough!” Anticipating Critical Raw Material Use in Smart... < [Volume 11, Issue 16 (2019)]
Analysis of Rare Earth Elements in Pteridophytes from the Historical Mining... < [Volume 15, Issue 18 (2023)]
Recycling REEs from the Waste Products of Silius Mine (SE Sardinia, Italy) < [Volume 13, Issue 24 (2021)]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 667 < [English-Urdu-Hindi (1 volume)]
Page 620 < [English-Mizo (1 volume)]
Page 772 < [English-Mizo (1 volume)]
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (MDPI)
Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics and Source Analysis in the Dust Fall on... < [Volume 19, Issue 18 (2022)]
Rare Earth Elements Accumulation in the Hair of Malagasy Children and... < [Volume 19, Issue 1 (2022)]
Rare Earth Elements in Boletus edulis (King Bolete) Mushrooms from Lowland... < [Volume 19, Issue 15 (2022)]
Tirumantiram by Tirumular (English translation)
Verse 1320: The Nine Mantras: 1) Srim 2) Hrim 3) Aim 4) Gaum 5) Krim < [Tantra Four (nankam tantiram) (verses 884-1418)]
Verse 1312: How to Place the Mantra Letters in the Yantra < [Tantra Four (nankam tantiram) (verses 884-1418)]
Blue Annals (deb-ther sngon-po) (by George N. Roerich)
Chapter 3b - The Life story of 'Khon phu ba < [Book 4 - New Traditions of Secret Mantra]
Chapter 1c - The Zur Geneology (xii): Jo bsod of dbus < [Book 3 - Early translations of Secret Mantra]
Chapter 1 - The first lineage (brgyud pa dang po’i skabs) < [Book 12 - Peace-Making Lineages]
The Bstan rcis of Nii ma bstan 'jin: Transcription of the Tibetan text < [Volume 33 (1971)]
Book Reviews Acta Orientalia 28 < [Volume 28 (1963)]
The Saurasaṃhitā: The Earliest Surviving Tantra on Sun-Worship < [Volume 80 (2020)]
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