Jirnoddhara, Jirna-uddhara, Jīrṇoddhāra: 21 definitions
Introduction:
Jirnoddhara means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार).—Erection and consecration of images fixed in temples which have fallen into dilapidation, is called Jīrṇoddhāra. Mention is made in Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 67, about the principles of Jīrṇoddhāra, as follows:
The priest should adorn the image with ornaments and perform 'Stavana'. If the idol is very badly ruined by age it must be abandoned. Broken image and that with any part of the body severed or disfigured should also be abandoned, even if it is made of stone or any other material. When the image is renovated the priest should make burnt offerings thousand times with Narasiṃhamantra (spell or incantation). If the ruined image is made of wood it should be burned. If it is made of stone it should be placed at the bottom of deep water, either in the sea or anywhere else. If it is made of metals or jewels, it must be put into water. The ruined image should be placed in a carriage and covered with a cloth. With instrumental music and so forth the image should be taken to water in a procession and then submerged in water. After this the priest must be given a gift. Only after this should the new image be erected and consecrated. On a good day in an auspicious moment a new image of the same material and measurement as of the old image should be erected and consecrated by the priest.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) refers to the “renovation of the temple” as described in the Śaivāgamas.—The Anukarmavidhi of Kamikāgama explains it thus: If the temple is decayed but still has regular pūjā, it can be said to be in a good state. But if there are no pūjās, then it is said to have fallen into a bad state. If jīrṇoddhāra or renovation is performed, it bestows highest results on the kartā. This is because, both the performing of worship and not performing of worship at a decayed temple result in ill-effects. Therefore, for general welfare, renovation should be performed according to the śāstra. The Anukarmavidhi also has elaborate rules and instructions for the proper renovation of temples.
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) or Jīrṇoddhāravidhi [=jīrṇoddhāravidhiḥ] is the name of chapter 70 of the Kriyāpāda of the Ajitāgama, an important Śaiva Siddhānta treatises dealing with detailed descriptions of the architecture of Śiva temples.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) [=jīrṇodhāra?] refers to one of the topics dealt with in the Mātṛsadbhāva, one of the earliest Śākta Tantras from Kerala.—Mātṛsadbhāva is a Kerala Tantric ritual manual dealing with the worship of Goddess Bhadrakālī (also known as Rurujit) along with sapta-mātṛs or Seven mothers. The text is believed to be the first Śākta worship text from Kerala. The text is a summary of Southern Brahmayāmala texts and it systematizes and organizes the Yāmala cult of mothers in twenty-eight chapters. The text includes the topics such as [e.g., jīrṇoddhāra, ...] The Mātṛsadbhāva was written based on the South Indian version of Brahmayālatantra. [...]
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shilpashastra (iconography)
1) Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) refers to “reparations of icons”, as discussed in the twenty-sixth chapter of the Kapiñjalasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra work consisting of 1550 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as worship in a temple, choosing an Ācārya, architecture, town-planning and iconography. Description of the chapter [jīrṇoddhāra-vidhi]:—Repairs to icons must be made according to rules and in accordance to the material from which the icon is made (1-6a). Icons beyond repair (jīrṇoddhāra) should be officially disposed of (6b), in which cases permission must be granted by an assembly of learned Pāñcarātra Brahmins to the Yajamāna (7-21). Having done so, śāntihoma must be performed in front of the temple by the Yajamāna, whereupon the rituals of removing the icon from the temple are done and the icon is submerged under water (22-34). The new icon which replaces the old one should be installed and all things like bālālaya (39b ff.), jalādhivāsa, ending with mahotsava and puṣpayāga, should be seen to (35-75).
2) Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) refers to “repairs (of the temple)”, as discussed in chapter 17 (Caryāpāda) of the Padmasaṃhitā: the most widely followed of Saṃhitā covering the entire range of concerns of Pāñcarātra doctrine and practice (i.e., the four-fold formulation of subject matter—jñāna, yoga, kriyā and caryā) consisting of roughly 9000 verses.—Description of the chapter [jīrṇoddhārasaṃprokṣaṇa]: Brahmā asks about renovation of damaged icons and temple buildings. Bhagavān tells him in turn about how to mend a broken icon and of the ritual accompaniment to such repairs (2-12). He also speaks of the renovation of temples (13-28a)—whether it involves repairs (jīrṇoddhāra) to slight damages or a complete rebuilding of the temple due to natural calamities (28b-30). He briefly mentions the fruits which accrue to such activities (31). [...]
3) Jirṇoddhāra (जिर्णोद्धार) refers to “undertaking repairs” (of icons or damaged temple-parts) is the name of chapter 23 of the Viśvāmitrasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra text comprising some 2600 Sanskrit verses covering topics such as initiation (dīkṣā) and the construction, decoration and consecration of temples and icons, as well as routines of regular and special worship cycles.—Description of the chapter [jirṇoddhāra-vidhi]: Viśvāmitra points out that in repairing a temple, repairs depend upon whether it is man-made or god-made, etc.; and, in the case of repairing icons, it depends on what material they were originally made of. In any case, the newly-made or newly-mended objects must be afforded sanctification rite before they may be used again in worship (2-12, also 41-44a). [...]
4) Jirṇoddhāra (जिर्णोद्धार) refers to “repairs” (of temples or icons), as discussed in chapter 36 of the Viṣvaksenasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra text comprising 2800 Sanskrit verses dealing with theological matters, image-worship, iconography (relating to pratimā-icons) and the construction of temples.—Description of the chapter [jirṇoddhāra-vidhi]: The narrative turns here to repairs of the temple structure, which actual repairs are preceded ritually by elaborate prokṣaṇa-sprinklings and adhivāsa-washings with sanctified waters and by certain festive undertakings (1-41a), and which are themselves to be done by “able” Śilpins (41b-46). Then the narrative concentrates on the repairs that may be made to icons. Different procedures of repair are to be adopted according to the kind of icon at hand—depending upon whether it is made of clay, silver, gold, etc. and therefore what substances are to be used to mend the broken icon. [...]
5) Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धारविधि) refers to “repairing icons”, as discussed in chapter 24 of the Viṣṇusaṃhitā.—Description of the chapter [jīrṇoddhāra-vidhi]: When the icon is in need of repair, this should be seen to with reverent dispatch. Indeed, one should always be ready to prepare a new icon for the Lord to replace the old, worn-out one just as one is always alert to keep fresh flowers daily before the Lord by replacing old ones. The first thing to be done when repairs (jīrṇoddhāra) or replacements are to be made is for the Yajamāna, through the offices of the Ācārya, to obtain permission from Brahmins to do the necessary. Then the power of the Lord is transferred from the icon to be repaired or replaced into some other worthy—albeit temporary—object. This is to be done to the accompaniment of a śāntihoma-rite and of other preliminary activities (1-36). [...]
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) refers to one of the various topics discussed in the Citrajñāna, the teachings of which are included in the Śilpasaṅgraha—a Sanskrit compilation containing various works on Śilpa, giving detailed rules for the construction of temples and for the making, for purposes of worship, of images of various deities, a description of which is added.
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) or Jīrṇoddhāravidhi (lit. “prescription for the removal of an [idol] that is old and used”) is the name of chapter 35 of the Saṃkarṣaṇa-Kāṇḍa of the Hayaśīrṣapañcarātra: an ancient Pāñcarātra consisting of four sections (kāṇḍas), deriving its name from the fact that according to its frame-story (ādikāṇḍa) it was revealed by God in the form of Hayaśiras, the Horse-Headed One. The Agnipurāṇa chapters 62-69 have parallels with the Saṃkarṣaṇakāṇḍa of the Hayaśīrṣa-pañcarātra.
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Vastushastra (architecture)
1) Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) refers to “replacing or re-installing a liṅga”, according to Kerala ritual texts such as the Śaivāgamanibandhana, Prayogamañjarī and the Īśanagurudevapaddhati.—Among the several topics discussed in these early texts are also included details about replacing or re-installing a liṅga used in the rituals performed for one’s self, in a chapter often called jīrṇoddhāra. It is natural that a liṅga used for personal worship will require replacement, when for instance, it is dropped, destroyed, burnt, stolen or even taken away by birds or animals.
2) Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) refers to the “renovation of temples” according to texts which often also discusses the re-installation of a new liṅga or idol in the place of a damaged one.—As the Prayogamañjarī of Ravi, an eleventh century Śaiva ritual manual of Kerala, observes, jīrṇoddhāra is necessary, when a temple is weak, decayed, burned or when the liṅga installed in a temple breaks or shows visible changes. Thus it is essential to perform the jīrṇoddhāra not only when a temple is in a state of decay but also when the liṅga or idol installed in the temple is damaged. Īśānagurudevapaddhati, another ritual manual of Kerala, indicates various situations which necessitate the renovation of a temple. [...]
According to the Kerala ritual texts (e.g. the Tantrasamuccaya 11.2) there are two types of jīrṇoddhāra, namely niṣkramaṇa and saṅkoca. When the liṅga or the idol is damaged, the niṣkramaṇa type of jīrṇoddhāra is to be performed by replacing the damaged liṅga or idol with a new one. But when the prāsāda or temple needs renovation, saṅkoca type of jīrṇoddhāra is to be performed. The niṣkramaṇa again is further classified into two types, one performed with kalaśa and the other with bālālayapratiṣṭhā.
3) Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) is the name of a manuscript dealing with Jīrṇoddhāra (“temple renovation”).—Most of the ritual texts of Kerala [such as the Jīrṇoddhāra] concern temples. Very often they also contain a chapter, usually called jīrṇoddhāra (“renovation”) devoted to the renovation of temples, which also discusses the re-installation of a new liṅga or idol in the place of a damaged one. There are also some short manuals which deal solely with the jīrṇoddhāra. Manuscripts of these short texts are available in public as well as private manuscript libraries; For example: Jīrṇoddhāra (Oriental Research Institute, Trivandrum Ms No. 25400). [...]
4) Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) or Jīrṇoddhāravidhāna refers to one of the chapters of the Devyāmata: an Early Śaiva Pratiṣṭhātantra dating back to the 5th century CE dealing with topics related to temple construction, consecration rituals, and iconography.—The Devyāmata is written in the form of a dialogue between Śiva and the Goddess. It begins with the praśnapaṭala, ‘the chapter on questions’, in which Devī tells Śiva what topics she would like to learn about. The answers are provided in the following chapters [e.g., jīrṇoddhāra-vidhāna], of which each is dedicated to one specific subject.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
India history and geography
Jīrṇ-oddhāra.—(EI 23, 26; HA), repairs or renovation and conservation. Note: jīrṇ-oddhāra is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
jīrṇōddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार).—m (S) Removing of an old idol or temple and substituting of a new one. 2 fig. Exchanging of an old thing for a new one gen: also restoration or renewal of the old.
jīrṇōddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार).—m Removing of an old idol or temple and substituting of a new one. Exchanging of an old thing for a new one, also restoration or renewal of the old.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार).—'renewing the old', repairs, especially of a temple or any charitable or religious institution.
Derivable forms: jīrṇoddhāraḥ (जीर्णोद्धारः).
Jīrṇoddhāra is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms jīrṇa and uddhāra (उद्धार).
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार).—m.
(-raḥ) Repairing, renewal, repairs. E. jīrṇa and uddhāra lifting up.
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—[dharma] Bik. 397.
1) Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार):—[from jīrṇa > jīra] m. repairing what is ruined (in a building), [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi i, 3, 893]
2) [v.s. ...] [DevīP.; Siṃhāsana-dvātriṃśikā or vikramāditya-caritra, jaina recension [Introduction] 29/30]
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार):—[jīrṇo+ddhāra] (raḥ) 1. m. Repairs.
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार):—(jīrṇa + uddhāra) m. Auffrischung, Ausbesserung [Devīpurāṇa im Śabdakalpadruma] jīrṇoddhṛta aufgefrischt, ausgebessert [Wilson’s Wörterbuch]
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार):—m. das Herausnehmen des Verfaulten , Ausbesserung eines Gebäudes [Hemādri’s Caturvargacintāmaṇi 1,125,15.] [Indische studien von Weber 15,286.]
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Jinnuddhāra.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Jīrṇōddhāra (ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ):—[noun] the act of bringing something (as dilapidated building) back to its original or near original stage, by repairing, reconstructing, etc.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Jīrṇoddhāra (जीर्णोद्धार):—n. renovation;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Jirna, Uddhara.
Starts with: Jirnoddharadashakavyakhya, Jirnoddharakalanirnaya, Jirnoddharakrama, Jirnoddharana, Jirnoddharanavidhi, Jirnoddharasamgraha, Jirnoddharasamprokshana, Jirnoddharavidhana, Jirnoddharavidhi.
Full-text (+36): Jirnoddharavidhi, Jirnoddharakrama, Jirnoddharasamgraha, Kshetrapalajirnoddhara, Kalijirnoddhara, Jirnoddharakalanirnaya, Jirnoddharasamprokshana, Jirnoddharavidhana, Jirnoddhar, Nishkramana, Tantrasamuccaya, Prayogamanjari, Jinnuddhara, Vishnusamhita, Ishanagurudevapaddhati, Putayurbhasha, Samkoca, Shaivagamanibandhana, Jirnadhvajoddharaprakara, Jirnashtabandhoddharavidhi.
Relevant text
Search found 12 books and stories containing Jirnoddhara, Jirna-uddhara, Jīrṇa-uddhāra, Jīrṇoddhāra, Jīrṇōddhāra; (plurals include: Jirnoddharas, uddharas, uddhāras, Jīrṇoddhāras, Jīrṇōddhāras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Temple worship and Rituals as per Shaiva Agamas (by Gayathri Balasubramanian)
Part 7 - Description of Renovation Rituals (Jirnoddhara) < [Chapter 3 - Temple Rituals]
Part 11.3 - The ritual of Jirnoddhara (Rehabilitating old or dilapidated temples) < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Part 3.1 - The Consecration ritual (Pratishtha-vidhi)—Introduction < [Chapter 3 - Temple Rituals]
Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
Chapter 103 - Mode of repair of old or broken Liṅgas (jīrṇa-uddhāra)
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 382 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 710 < [Hindi-Bengali-English Volume 1]
Page 504 < [English-Gujarati-Hindi (1 volume)]
Vastu-shastra (Introduction to Indian architecture) (by D. N. Shukla)
Pāṇḍya Prākāras and Gopuras < [Chapter 12 - History of Hindu Temples (Prāsādas and Vimānas)]
(ii) The Site-planning (Vāstupada-vīnyāsa) < [Chapter 6 - Fundamental Canons of Hindu Architecture]