Part 3 - Deva Daiva Bhuta

Deva—Devas are gods and anthropomorphic goddesses consecrated in temples and shrines. The ritual site is called maadu (maada). The puja rituals are led by Brahmins, where the offerings consist of purified vegetarian food. The rituals are accompanied by shloka and mantra sung in Sanskrit. Devas are revered and do good deeds for people, they are honest, decent, fair and honest. The Devas who represent the highest level of power in this area are classified in Deva. In the area of Bantval Taluk, Ullaaklu is the general name given to Ullaalthi (female deity) and Ajwar Daivangalu (male deities, two brothers). They are revered in the same way as kings.

Daiva—The Daivas have some aspects of gods and goddesses personified, but have strong nature to be semi-heavenly spiritual beings. The ritual site is mainly called staana (saana in Tulu).

During the rituals are not always necessary that the Brahmins perform this puja, but can be performed by a clan known as "Nalke" community that is attributed to the act of trance, they are also called "pambadas" in Tulu and Kannada language. In some places, in some parts of the rituals, the Vedic mantra is sung. The tantric method is sometimes used to pray and is added with magical acts. Vegetarian food is offered. In some cases, the faces of the Daivas are represented as tigers and wild boars, and look like Bhutas. They are nice deities who punish sins to correct wrong doing or dishonesty.

Bhuta—Bhutas includes celestial spirits or semi-beings of forests, trees, animals (pig, tiger, wild boar, ox, snake), heroes who died unnatural deaths, and people who died of injustice social. Non-Brahmanas worship them in the stana (Bhuta stana). For Koti Chennaya, the ritual site is named with a special name, Garadi (garodi). Offerings are not vegetarian and roosters are usually slaughtered. In the past, pigs and buffaloes were sacrificed. At festivals, coconut liquor (toddy) is offered, and alcohol is not considered taboo. It is said that Bhutas become violent when they punish humans, but they do good deeds very fast. The Bhutas are venerated among the lower and middle castes.^[1]

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, by Peter J. Claus, Sarah Diamond, Margaret Ann Mills -Taylor & Francis, 2003 -p. 64-65