Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.14.27
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.27:
तिले पूर्वमुपात्ते वा तत्रैव मतुविष्यते ।
स च धर्मः समासेषु गुणस्तस्माद् विशेषणम् ॥ २७ ॥tile pūrvamupātte vā tatraiva matuviṣyate |
sa ca dharmaḥ samāseṣu guṇastasmād viśeṣaṇam || 27 ||27. Or one can say that the substance tila is first understood and to that the word ending in matup is joined. The relation (which is the meaning of matup) is merged in the compound. Because of this (relation understood from the compound) it is the quality which differentiates (viśeṣaṇam).
Commentary
It is now shown in another way that the word kṛṣṇa, expressive of colour is a qualifier.
[Read verse 27 above]
[First, the meaning of the word tila, characterised by the universal is understood in a general way. Then the word kṛṣṇa comes in to bring some differentiation to it. The matup suffix at the end of the word is elided by vā. 3 on P. 5.2.94. But the relation which is the meaning of this matup becomes part of the meaning of the compound. In this way, the term kṛṣṇa becomes viśeṣaṇa. It is not that the word kṛṣṇa denotes substance through quality and that the word tila, through the universal, brings a specification to it. Because the universal is nearer to the substance than quality.]
Thus complex formations in which the constituents are in apposition to each other have been considered.
The vṛttis called dvandva and ekaśeṣa are now to be considered.