Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.7.162
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.7.162:
प्राधान्यं स्वगुणे लब्ध्वा प्रधाने याति शेषताम् ।
सहयोगे स्वयोगेऽतः प्रधानत्वं न हीयते ॥ १६२ ॥prādhānyaṃ svaguṇe labdhvā pradhāne yāti śeṣatām |
sahayoge svayoge'taḥ pradhānatvaṃ na hīyate || 162 ||162. After having attained importance in regard to what is. secondary to itself it becomes secondary in regard to something else which is primary, when the word ‘saha’ is used. When something is connected with its own property, its previous importance in regard to what is secondary to itself is not affected.
Commentary
The puruṣa became first the primary in regard to rājñaḥ which expresses that which qualifies it. When, next puruṣa becomes something which qualifies and, is, therefore, secondary to kambala, it does not cease to be primary in regard to rājñaḥ because the two spheres are quite different. It is in regard to the same object that a thing cannot be primary and secondary at the same time. The case considered is like the following one: in devadattasya putraḥ, putra is primary in regard to devadatta, but in putreṇa sahāgataḥ = ‘he comes with the son’, the word ‘saha’ shows that putra is secondary in regard to the action of coming according to P. 2.3.19.]
Here ends the treatment of śeṣa (the rest).
The six accessories described in the preceding pages can be expressed by verbal suffixes, those of the primary and secondary derivations and by compounds. When not expressed by any one of these four the case affixes are used to express them. When they are already expressed by one of these four, the first case affix is used after the stem, because a bare stem cannot be used. When a noun is used without any other word following it, the first case affix is used as in vṛkṣaḥ. Here there is the fiction that the verb ‘asti’ though absent, is understood and as the verbal suffix in it is expressive of the agent, and as the word vṛkṣa is in apposition to it, the latter takes the first case affix, according to the principle tiṅsamānādhikaraṇe prathamā. A noun in apposition to another ending in the first case affix also takes it.
The first case affix has been prescribed while addressing somebody (sambodhana). The vocative case is now going to be explained.