Verse 2.191

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 2.191:

तथैव स्वार्थिकाः केचित् सङ्घातान्तरवृत्तयः ।
अनर्थकेन संसृष्टाः प्रकृत्यर्थानुवादिनः ॥ १९१ ॥

tathaiva svārthikāḥ kecit saṅghātāntaravṛttayaḥ |
anarthakena saṃsṛṣṭāḥ prakṛtyarthānuvādinaḥ || 191 ||

191. In the same way, some svārthika suffixes, finding themselves in other combinations (and, therefore) connected with a meaningless element express, with the help of the latter, a meaning belonging to this element considered separately.

Commentary

As upasargas are joined to roots, so are svārthika suffixes to stems. The latter are now considered.

[Read verse 191 above]

[Yāva means a certain food prepared from yava=barley. Yāvaka also means the same thing. Here the suffix ka is found in a combination (yāvaka) which is different from yāva, a separate word altogether. It is, therefore, natural to ask: What is the use of ka in yāvaka? The answer is that in yāvaka, the yāva portion is really meaningless, though the word yāva has a meaning. This very meaning is expressed in yāvaka by the yāva portion plus the ka portion. Prakṛtyarthānuvādinaḥ = the prakṛti in yāvaka is yāva which has no meaning. As it looks like the meaningful word yāva, the suffix is said to express the meaning of the prakṛti. This is a mere grammatical tradition: arthavadbhiḥ saṃsṛṣṭā iti śāstravyavahāre vyopadiśyamānāḥ, says the Vṛtti.]

Now something is said about nipātas, the fourth part of speech recognised by Yāska.