Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 1.60
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 1.60:
अग्निशब्दस्तथैवायमग्निशब्दनिबन्धनः ।
अग्निश्रुत्यैति संबन्धमग्निशब्दाभिधेयया ॥ ६० ॥agniśabdastathaivāyamagniśabdanibandhanaḥ |
agniśrutyaiti saṃbandhamagniśabdābhidheyayā || 60 ||60. In the same way, the word agni (in the sūtra P. 4.2.33) having first conveyed its own form agni, enters into the relation (of name and named) with the word agni (used in speech) and conveyed by the word agni (in the Sūtra).
Commentary
[In the sūtra1]—“The own form of a word” etc. (svaṃ rūpaṃ śabdasya), the name and the named are separately mentioned. There, there are two words which are heard and which are meant to convey another, and the words which are to be conveyed are also two in number and they stand to each other in the relation (of name and named) and are (therefore) the object of grammatical teaching. Therefore, (the Sūtra in question), makes that word agni which has as its meaning the other word agni having the same form, the name of the other word agni conveyed by it having the same form.2
Notes
1. P. 1.1.68.
2. The construction of the last sentence in the vṛtti is rather awkward and contains repetitions. The sūtra svaṃ rūpaṃ śabdasya etc. teaches the relation of saṃjñā and saṃjñin between a word mentioned in a sūtra of Pānini and the same word, having the same form, coming in actual usage. Though the saṃjñā and the saṃjñin have the same form, they are mentioned as different from each other. The sūtra in question refers to a word which may come in any sūtra of Panini as the saṃjñā and the same word, as it may come in actual usage, as the saṃjñin. These two are called pratipādaka in the Vṛtti. The word which actually comes in a sūtra (as agni in agner ḍhak) and the same word when it comes in actual usage, are called pratīyamāna. The sūtra in question tells us that the word which actually comes in a sūtrā is the name (saṃjñā) of the same word actually occurring in usage.