Vaisheshika-sutra with Commentary
by Nandalal Sinha | 1923 | 149,770 words | ISBN-13: 9789332869165
The Vaisheshika-sutra 3.1.13, English translation, including commentaries such as the Upaskara of Shankara Mishra, the Vivriti of Jayanarayana-Tarkapanchanana and the Bhashya of Chandrakanta. The Vaisheshika Sutras teaches the science freedom (moksha-shastra) and the various aspects of the soul (eg., it's nature, suffering and rebirth under the law of karma). This is sutra 3 (‘above continued’) contained in Chapter 1—Of the Marks of Inference—of Book III (of soul and mind).
Sūtra 3.1.13 (Above continued)
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration, Word-for-word and English translation of Vaiśeṣika sūtra 3.1.13:
भूतो भूतस्य ॥ ३.१.१३ ॥
bhūto bhūtasya || 3.1.13 ||
bhūtaḥ—that which has taken place; bhūtasya—of that which has taken place.
13.—That which has taken place, (is a mark) of that which has taken place.
Commentary: The Upaskāra of Śaṅkara Miśra:
(English rendering of Śaṅkara Miśra’s commentary called Upaskāra from the 15th century)
He illustrates another contradictory mark:
[Read sūtra 3.1.13 above]
There is sometimes inference of an existing contradictory from another existing contradictory as when, on seeing a snake swelling with anger, it is inferred that there is an ichneumon behind a bush. In this case, the snake excited is that which is, existent, and the ichneumon hidden by the bush is also in existence. Therefore, an existent, as the mark of another existent object. On the other hand, a shower cannot exist at the same time as the conjunction of air and clouds,, nor can tumours, etc., co-exist with the recitation of mantras.—13.