Upaskara, Upaskāra: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Upaskara means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Upaskar.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Upaskara (उपस्कर).—Broomstick; pregnant Diti (woman) not to sit on.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 7. 38.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Upaskāra (उपस्कार).—Introduction of the necessary changes in the wording of the base, such as elision, or addition or substitution of a letter or letters as caused by the addition of suffixes.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Upaskara (उपस्कर) refers to “(household) utensils”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 11), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).— Accordingly, “Raśmi Ketu is a comet possessing a tail slightly coloured like smoke; it appears in the constellation of Kṛttikā. The effects are the same as those assigned to Sveta Ketu. Dhruva Ketu is a comet possessing no fixed course, colour or shape and appears anywhere in the heavens, in the sky and on Earth. When it appears glossy, mankind will be happy. To those whose death might be near this Ketu appears in the several divisions of the King’s army, in houses, in trees, in hills and in household utensils [i.e., upaskara—gṛhiṇām upaskareṣu]”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
Upaskara (उपस्कर) refers to “utensils and other articles of the household”, according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, “[...] It has been said that there are eighteen addictions. These are the outcome of the desire for earthly enjovments. [...] Wise men speak of that wife as a wife who has auspicious marks and who knows the fine arts, who is clever, who is loved by her husband, and who is young and modest. She is the chief instrument in attaining the three objects of life, and she is the distinguishing feature of domestic life. She looks after the children and the utensils and other articles of the household (prasūti-upaskara-prekṣā), and she charms the mind. [...]”.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
Kama-shastra (the science of Love-making)
Upaskara (उपस्कर) refers to “equipages” or “utensils” (acquired through the pursuit of Artha), according to the Vātsyāyana’s Kāmasūtra: a Sanskrit text from the 2nd century dealing with eroticism, sexuality and emotional fulfillment in life belonging to Kāmaśāstra (the ancient Indian science of love-making).—Accordingly, “Man, the period of whose life is one hundred years, should practise dharma, artha and kāma at different times and in such a manner that they may harmonize together and not clash in any way. [...] Artha is the acquisition of arts, land, gold, cattle, wealth, equipages (bhāṇḍa-upaskara) and friends. It is, further, the protection of what is acquired, and the increase of what is protected. [... arjanamarjitasya vivardhanamarthaḥ] Artha should be learnt from the king's officers, and from merchants who may be versed in the ways of commerce. [...]”.
Kamashastra (कामशास्त्र, kāmaśāstra) deals with ancient Indian science of love-making, passion, emotions and other related topics dealing with the pleasures of the senses.
India history and geography
Upaskara.—(HRS), known from the Kamauli plate of Vaidyadeva; probably meaning upakara (q. v.) or the appur- tenance to a tax (kara). Cf. nikara. Note: upaskara is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
upaskara (उपस्कर).—m S An article, item, point, particular, which serves to make complete, entire, or perfect; a useful or ornamental but not indispensable additament. 2 Any article of condiment; any article of household use.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Upaskara (उपस्कर).—
1) Any article which serves to make anything complete, an ingredient; यथा क्रीडोपस्कराणां संयोग- विगमाविह । इच्छया क्रीडितुः स्यातां तथैवेशेच्छया नृणाम् (yathā krīḍopaskarāṇāṃ saṃyoga- vigamāviha | icchayā krīḍituḥ syātāṃ tathaiveśecchayā nṛṇām) || Bhāg. 1.13.43; Rām.2.3.44.
2) (Hence) Condiment or seasoning for food (as mustard, pepper &c.)
3) Furniture, appurtenance, apparatus, instrument (upakaraṇa); उपस्करो रथस्यासीत् (upaskaro rathasyāsīt) Mb.; Śiśupālavadha 18.72.
4) Any article or implement of household use (such as a broomstick); संयतोपस्करा दक्षा (saṃyatopaskarā dakṣā) Y.1.83;2.193; Manusmṛti 3.68,12.66,5. 15.
5) An ornament.
6) Censure, blame.
Derivable forms: upaskaraḥ (उपस्करः).
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Upaskāra (उपस्कार).—
1) Anything additional, a supplement.
2) (Supplying) An ellipsis; वानप्रस्थानां च द्रव्योपस्कार इति (vānaprasthānāṃ ca dravyopaskāra iti) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.191.11. साकाङ्क्षमनुपस्कारं विष्वग्गति निराकुलम् (sākāṅkṣamanupaskāraṃ viṣvaggati nirākulam) Kirātārjunīya 11.38.
3) Beautifying, ornamenting by way of adding grace; उक्तमेवार्थं सोपस्कारमाह (uktamevārthaṃ sopaskāramāha) Malli. on R.11.47.
4) An ornament; सोपस्काराः प्रावहन्नस्रतोयाः (sopaskārāḥ prāvahannasratoyāḥ) Śiśupālavadha 18.72.
5) A stroke.
6) A collection.
7) Condiment, seasoning material; उपस्कारैः स्कारैरुपचितरसामोदभरणम् (upaskāraiḥ skārairupacitarasāmodabharaṇam) Viś. Guṇā.472.
Derivable forms: upaskāraḥ (उपस्कारः).
Upaskara (उपस्कर).—m.
(-raḥ) 1. A condiment, a spice or seasoning, mustard, pepper, &c. 2. An article of household use, as a broom, a basket, &c. 3. Blame, censure. E. upa complete, and kara what makes, sa inserted.
Upaskara (उपस्कर).—i. e. upa-kṛ + a, m. (and n.
Upaskara (उपस्कर).—[masculine] ([neuter]) anything subsidiary or complementary, ingredient, condiment, utensil, instrument, [especially] of household.
1) Upaskara (उपस्कर):—[upa-skara] (raḥ) 1. m. A condiment or spice; household utensil; blame.
2) Upaskāra (उपस्कार):—[upa-skāra] (raḥ) 1. m. Ornament.
Upaskara (उपस्कर):—(von kar, karoti mit upa) m.
1) Zuthat, Zubehör, Geräthe, Ausrüstung [Suśruta 1, 123, 16.] maṅgalālambhanīyāni prāśanīyānyupaskarān [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 65, 9.] krīḍārthāścāpyupaskarāḥ [30, 44.] sarvopaskaradravyāṇi [Vetālapañcaviṃśati 4, 6.] sucakropaskaraḥ (ratha) [Mahābhārata 2, 2063. 14, 2316.] rarakṣa sā māṃ sarathaṃ hayāṃścopaskarāṇi (neutr.!) ca [5, 7234.] Hausgeräthe [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 2, 193.] pañca sūnā gṛhasthasya cullī peṣaṇyupaskaraḥ . kaṇḍanī codakumbhaśca [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 68.] vako bhavati hṛtvāgniṃ gṛhakārī hyupaskaram [12, 66.] susaṃskṛtopaskarā (strī) [5, 150.] saṃyatopaskarā [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 1, 83.] —
2) Gewürz [Amarakoṣa 2, 9, 35.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 417.] — Vgl. upakaraṇa .
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Upaskāra (उपस्कार):—(wie eben) m. Ergänzung: uktamevārthaṃ sopaskāramāha [Mallinātha] zu [Raghuvaṃśa 11, 48.] vaiśeṣikasūtropaskāra Titel des Comm. von [ŚAṂKARAMIŚRA.]
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Upaskara (उपस्कर):—
1) gṛhiṇām Geräthe [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 11, 42.] darvīśūrpādyupa [46, 63.] bhāṇḍopa [53, 118.] bhojanopaskaraiḥ saha [Mahābhārata 13, 2775.] rathaṃ sūpaskaram (= svaṅgam [Scholiast][) 5, 7101.] kāñcanopaskaraṃ ratham [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 10, 83, 33.] —
3) Nomen proprium eines Ṛṣi [Oxforder Handschriften 18,b,16. 19,a,40.] — Vgl. pattropaskara .
Upaskara (उपस्कर):——
1) m. und ausnahmsweise n. (adj. Comp. f. ā) Zuthat , Zubehör , Geräthe , Ausrüstung. —
2) m. *Gewürz. —
3) m. Nomen proprium eines Ṛṣi.
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Upaskāra (उपस्कार):—m. Ergänzung.
Upaskara (उपस्कर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Upakkhara, Uvakkhara.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Upaskara (उपस्कर) [Also spelled upaskar]:—(nm) equipment, apparatus.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Upaskara (ಉಪಸ್ಕರ):—
1) [noun] that which is required to make a thing complete; an ingredient.
2) [noun] a condiment or seasoning material for foods (such as mustard, pepper, etc.).
3) [noun] household furniture, apparatus, instrument etc.
4) [noun] any article or implement (as broomstick) used in the house.
5) [noun] that which enhances beauty; an ornament.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Upaskara (उपस्कर):—n. 1. an equipment; 2. complementary;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Upa.
Starts with: Upaskaraka, Upaskarana, Upaskarani, Upaskararjana.
Full-text (+7): Supaskara, Samyatopaskara, Susamskritopaskara, Upaskar, Vyupaskara, Uvakkhara, Upaskriti, Patropaskara, Upakkhara, Upakara, Apakshepana, Abhishecana, Bhandopaskara, Sopaskara, Apratiti, Vesavara, Susamskrita, Aprasiddha, Prasuti, Upaskararjana.
Relevant text
Search found 28 books and stories containing Upaskara, Upa-skara, Upa-skāra, Upaskāra; (plurals include: Upaskaras, skaras, skāras, Upaskāras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 5.148 < [Section XIV - Duties of Women]
Verse 3.68 < [Section VII - Duties of the Householder]
Yajnavalkya-smriti with Mitakshara and Viramitrodaya (by J. R. Gharpure)
Verse 1.83 < [Chapter 3 - Marriage]
Yajnavalkya-smriti (Vyavaharadhyaya)—Critical study (by Kalita Nabanita)
Chapter 5.14 - Laws Relating to non-Payment of Wages < [Chapter 5 - Modern Indian Laws reflected from the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Nyaya-Vaisheshika (critical and historical study) (by Aruna Rani)
3. Authors of Vaisheshika (g): Sankara Misra (1462 A.D.) < [Chapter 3 - Historical study of Vaisheshika system]
3. Stages of Nvava < [Chapter 2 - Historical Study of Nyaya system]
The nature of “Dik” < [Chapter 5 - Nature of the physical world]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 275 < [Hindi-Gujarati-English Volume 1]
Page 182 < [English-Gujarati-Hindi (1 volume)]
Page 173 < [Tamil-Hindi-English, Volume 2]
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Section CLXXVII < [Ghatotkacha-badha Parva]
Section CXLVII < [Jayadratha-Vadha Parva]
Section 94 < [Karna Parva]