Vaisheshika-sutra with Commentary
by Nandalal Sinha | 1923 | 149,770 words | ISBN-13: 9789332869165
The Vaisheshika-sutra 1.1.30, English translation, including commentaries such as the Upaskara of Shankara Mishra, the Vivriti of Jayanarayana-Tarkapanchanana and the Bhashya of Chandrakanta. The Vaisheshika Sutras teaches the science freedom (moksha-shastra) and the various aspects of the soul (eg., it's nature, suffering and rebirth under the law of karma). This is sutra 0 (‘causality of action upheld’) contained in Chapter 1—Of Substance, Attribute, and Action—of Book I (of the predicables).
Sūtra 1.1.30 (Causality of Action upheld)
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration, Word-for-word and English translation of Vaiśeṣika sūtra 1.1.30:
संयोगविभागाश्च कर्मणाम् ॥ १.१.३० ॥
saṃyogavibhāgāśca karmaṇām || 1.1.30 ||
saṃyoga-vibhāgāḥ—Conjunctions and Disjunction; ca—and; karmaṇām—of Actions.
30. Conjunctions and Disjunctions also (are individually the products) of Actions.
Commentary: The Upaskāra of Śaṅkara Miśra:
(English rendering of Śaṅkara Miśra’s commentary called Upaskāra from the 15th century)
But it has been said that Attributes which have taken a shape, (i.e., by appearing in some Substance) are, as effects, preceded (and so caused) by the Attributes of the causes; it has also been said that they are preceded by the Attributes of that in which they reside; therefore it follows that Action produces no effect whatever. That being so, even the inference of ultra-sensual phenomena such as the movements of the Sun, etc., becomes impossible in the absence of any mark of inference. For this reason, merely reminding the reader of what has already been said in the aphorism “Action is the common cause of Conjunction, Disjunction, and Impetus,” he says:—[Read sūtra 1.1.30 above]
‘Products’ is the complement. The plural number is for the purpose of individual reference. ‘Imprerssion’ also should be taken as indicated.—
Commentary: The Vivṛti of Jayanārāyaṇa:
(English extracts of Jayanārāyaṇa Tarkapañcānana’s Vivṛti or ‘gloss’ called the Kaṇādasūtravivṛti from the 17th century)
The word ‘ca’ implies Impetus and Elasticity in addition (to Conjunctions and Disjunctions).