Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.45.7

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒शिक्पा॑व॒को अ॑र॒तिः सु॑मे॒धा मर्ते॑ष्व॒ग्निर॒मृतो॒ नि धा॑यि । इय॑र्ति धू॒मम॑रु॒षं भरि॑भ्र॒दुच्छु॒क्रेण॑ शो॒चिषा॒ द्यामिन॑क्षन् ॥
उशिक्पावको अरतिः सुमेधा मर्तेष्वग्निरमृतो नि धायि । इयर्ति धूममरुषं भरिभ्रदुच्छुक्रेण शोचिषा द्यामिनक्षन् ॥
uśik pāvako aratiḥ sumedhā marteṣv agnir amṛto ni dhāyi | iyarti dhūmam aruṣam bharibhrad uc chukreṇa śociṣā dyām inakṣan ||

English translation:

“Desiring (oblations), purifying, moving quickly, sagacious, immortal, Agni has been stationed amongmortals; he sends forth the smoke, and goes wearing a radiant (form), and percading the heaven with brilliantlustre.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Moving quickly: arati = going; or, the destroyer of beings; or, paryāptamati, of sufficient understanding;or, duṣṭeṣu prītirahitā, devoid of affection for the wicked; smoke wearing a radiant form: aruṣam = dhāmam,smoke not hurtint the eyes, or not shining;

Bharibhart = supporting;

Jagat = the world

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vatsapriḥ [vatsapri];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒शिक् । पा॒व॒कः । अ॒र॒तिः । सु॒ऽमे॒धाः । मर्ते॑षु । अ॒ग्निः । अ॒मृतः॑ । नि । धा॒यि॒ । इय॑र्ति । धू॒मम् । अ॒रु॒षम् । भरि॑भ्रत् । उत् । शु॒क्रेण॑ । शो॒चिषा॑ । द्याम् । इन॑क्षन् ॥
उशिक् । पावकः । अरतिः । सुमेधाः । मर्तेषु । अग्निः । अमृतः । नि । धायि । इयर्ति । धूमम् । अरुषम् । भरिभ्रत् । उत् । शुक्रेण । शोचिषा । द्याम् । इनक्षन् ॥
uśik | pāvakaḥ | aratiḥ | su-medhāḥ | marteṣu | agniḥ | amṛtaḥ | ni | dhāyi | iyarti | dhūmam | aruṣam | bharibhrat | ut | śukreṇa | śociṣā | dyām | inakṣan

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.45.7 English analysis of grammar]

uśik < uśij

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

pāvako < pāvakaḥ < pāvaka

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“pure; purifying; pure; āgneya; clear; bright; bright.”

aratiḥ < arati

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“charioteer.”

sumedhā < sumedhāḥ < sumedhas

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“wise.”

marteṣv < marteṣu < marta

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“man.”

agnir < agniḥ < agni

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

amṛto < amṛtaḥ < amṛta

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“immortal; amṛta; imperishable.”

ni

[adverb]

“back; down.”

dhāyi < dhā

[verb], singular, Aorist passive

“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

iyarti < ṛch

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“enter (a state); travel; shoot; send; hit; originate; get; raise; begin; harm.”

dhūmam < dhūma

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“smoke; dhūmavedha; carbon black; dhūmana; mist; vapor; vaporization; dhūma [word]; incense.”

aruṣam < aruṣa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“red; red.”

bharibhrad < bharibhrat < bharibhṛ < √bhṛ

[verb noun], nominative, singular

uc < ud

[adverb]

“up.”

chukreṇa < śukreṇa < śukra

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“bright; clear; white; light; pure.”

śociṣā < śocis

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“fire; flare; burn; radiance.”

dyām < div

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

inakṣan < inakṣ < √naś

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“wish.”

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