Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.45.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स॒मु॒द्रे त्वा॑ नृ॒मणा॑ अ॒प्स्व१॒॑न्तर्नृ॒चक्षा॑ ईधे दि॒वो अ॑ग्न॒ ऊध॑न् । तृ॒तीये॑ त्वा॒ रज॑सि तस्थि॒वांस॑म॒पामु॒पस्थे॑ महि॒षा अ॑वर्धन् ॥
समुद्रे त्वा नृमणा अप्स्वन्तर्नृचक्षा ईधे दिवो अग्न ऊधन् । तृतीये त्वा रजसि तस्थिवांसमपामुपस्थे महिषा अवर्धन् ॥
samudre tvā nṛmaṇā apsv antar nṛcakṣā īdhe divo agna ūdhan | tṛtīye tvā rajasi tasthivāṃsam apām upasthe mahiṣā avardhan ||
English translation:
“He who is well disposed towards men illumines the Agni in the ocean (as submarine fire), in the midstof the waters; the beholder of men (illumines) you in the centre of the sky; the mighty (maruts) magnify youabiding in the third region (the firmament), on the lap of the waters.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Nṛmaṇaḥ = Prajāpati; or, Varuṇa;
Nṛcakṣaḥ = the sun; or, Prajāpati;
Mahiṣaḥ = vital airs
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vatsapriḥ [vatsapri];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स॒मु॒द्रे । त्वा॒ । नृ॒ऽमनाः॑ । अ॒प्ऽसु । अ॒न्तः । नृ॒ऽचक्षाः॑ । ई॒धे॒ । दि॒वः । अ॒ग्ने॒ । ऊध॑न् । तृ॒तीये॑ । त्वा॒ । रज॑सि । त॒स्थि॒ऽवांस॑म् । अ॒पाम् । उ॒पऽस्थे॑ । म॒हि॒षाः । अ॒व॒र्ध॒न् ॥
समुद्रे । त्वा । नृमनाः । अप्सु । अन्तः । नृचक्षाः । ईधे । दिवः । अग्ने । ऊधन् । तृतीये । त्वा । रजसि । तस्थिवांसम् । अपाम् । उपस्थे । महिषाः । अवर्धन् ॥
samudre | tvā | nṛ-manāḥ | ap-su | antaḥ | nṛ-cakṣāḥ | īdhe | divaḥ | agne | ūdhan | tṛtīye | tvā | rajasi | tasthi-vāṃsam | apām | upa-sthe | mahiṣāḥ | avardhan
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.45.3 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”
[noun], accusative, singular
“you.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], locative, plural, feminine
“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”
[adverb]
“inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”
[noun], masculine
“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“eye; look; radiance.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“kindle; ignite; set ablaze.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“udder; ūdhas [word]; night.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“third; neuter; tṛtīya [word]; homosexual.”
[noun], accusative, singular
“you.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”
[noun], genitive, plural, feminine
“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“genitalia; lap; sexual desire; anus.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Old World buffalo; Mahiṣa; Mahiṣa.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”