Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.28.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इ॒दं सु मे॑ जरित॒रा चि॑किद्धि प्रती॒पं शापं॑ न॒द्यो॑ वहन्ति । लो॒पा॒शः सिं॒हं प्र॒त्यञ्च॑मत्साः क्रो॒ष्टा व॑रा॒हं निर॑तक्त॒ कक्षा॑त् ॥
इदं सु मे जरितरा चिकिद्धि प्रतीपं शापं नद्यो वहन्ति । लोपाशः सिंहं प्रत्यञ्चमत्साः क्रोष्टा वराहं निरतक्त कक्षात् ॥
idaṃ su me jaritar ā cikiddhi pratīpaṃ śāpaṃ nadyo vahanti | lopāśaḥ siṃham pratyañcam atsāḥ kroṣṭā varāhaṃ nir atakta kakṣāt ||

English translation:

“Overcomer of foes, (Indra) be cognizant of this my (power, whereby) rivers bear their waterbackwards, and the eater of cut (grass) confronts the lion, the jackal drives the wild boar from his lair.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Foes: Oworshipper, Vasukra: Indra being the speaker;

Alternative: Vasukra speaks claiming superhuman power as theson of Indra; eater of cut grass: i.e., the deer; or, is it the fox, jackal, from īlup, īrup, to carry off (rob)? jackaldrives: I have the power to alter the ordinary course of nature.

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): indravasukrayoḥ saṃvāda aindraḥ [indravasukrayoḥ saṃvāda aindra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इ॒दम् । सु । मे॒ । ज॒रि॒तः॒ । आ । चि॒कि॒द्धि॒ । प्र॒ति॒ऽई॒पम् । शाप॑म् । न॒द्यः॑ । व॒ह॒न्ति॒ । लो॒पा॒शः । सिं॒हम् । प्र॒त्यञ्च॑म् । अ॒त्सा॒रिति॑ । क्रो॒ष्टा । व॒रा॒हम् । निः । अ॒त॒क्त॒ । कक्षा॑त् ॥
इदम् । सु । मे । जरितः । आ । चिकिद्धि । प्रतिईपम् । शापम् । नद्यः । वहन्ति । लोपाशः । सिंहम् । प्रत्यञ्चम् । अत्सारिति । क्रोष्टा । वराहम् । निः । अतक्त । कक्षात् ॥
idam | su | me | jaritaḥ | ā | cikiddhi | prati-īpam | śāpam | nadyaḥ | vahanti | lopāśaḥ | siṃham | pratyañcam | atsāriti | kroṣṭā | varāham | niḥ | atakta | kakṣāt

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.28.4 English analysis of grammar]

idaṃ < idam

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

me < mad

[noun], genitive, singular

“I; mine.”

jaritar < jaritṛ

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“singer.”

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

cikiddhi < cit

[verb], singular, Perfect imperative

“notice; observe; attend to; intend.”

pratīpaṃ < pratīpam < pratīpa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

śāpaṃ < śāpam < śāpa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“float.”

nadyo < nadyaḥ < nadī

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“river; nadī; nadī [word]; Premna spinosa Roxb..”

vahanti < vah

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

lopāśaḥ < lopāśa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“fox.”

siṃham < siṃha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“lion; hero; best; leader; siṃha [word].”

pratyañcam < pratyañc

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“western; facing; westbound; backward; pratyañc [word]; inverted.”

atsāḥ < tsar

[verb], singular, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)

kroṣṭā < kroṣṭṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“jackal.”

varāhaṃ < varāham < varāha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“hog; wild boar; boar; Varaha; vārāhapuṭa; varāha [word]; Varāha; Varāha.”

nir < niḥ

[adverb]

“niḥ; away; out; without.”

atakta < tak

[verb], singular, Imperfect

kakṣāt < kakṣa

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“grass; weed; lurking place; hiding place; underbrush; brush; recess.”

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