Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.69.12

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सु॒दे॒वो अ॑सि वरुण॒ यस्य॑ ते स॒प्त सिन्ध॑वः । अ॒नु॒क्षर॑न्ति का॒कुदं॑ सू॒र्म्यं॑ सुषि॒रामि॑व ॥
सुदेवो असि वरुण यस्य ते सप्त सिन्धवः । अनुक्षरन्ति काकुदं सूर्म्यं सुषिरामिव ॥
sudevo asi varuṇa yasya te sapta sindhavaḥ | anukṣaranti kākudaṃ sūrmyaṃ suṣirām iva ||

English translation:

“You are a glorious god, Varuṇa, across whose palate the seven rivers keep pouring as a fair-flowing(stream) into an abyss.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Across whose palate: sūrmyam suṣirām iva: (Yāska Nirukta 5.27); grammariansadvocate the study of grammar; seven rivers are the seven declensional affixes; across whose palate the sevenrivers keep flowing a (fire penetrates and purifies) a beautiful perforated metal image); seven rivers are Gangaetc. and Varuṇa's palate is the ocean

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): priyamedhaḥ [priyamedha];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): varuṇaḥ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdanuṣṭup;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सु॒ऽदे॒वः । अ॒सि॒ । व॒रु॒ण॒ । यस्य॑ । ते॒ । स॒प्त । सिन्ध॑वः । अ॒नु॒ऽक्षर॑न्ति । का॒कुद॑म् । सू॒र्म्य॑म् । सु॒षि॒राम्ऽइ॑व ॥
सुदेवः । असि । वरुण । यस्य । ते । सप्त । सिन्धवः । अनुक्षरन्ति । काकुदम् । सूर्म्यम् । सुषिराम्इव ॥
su-devaḥ | asi | varuṇa | yasya | te | sapta | sindhavaḥ | anu-kṣaranti | kākudam | sūrmyam | suṣirām-iva

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.69.12 English analysis of grammar]

sudevo < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

sudevo < devaḥ < deva

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

asi < as

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

varuṇa

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”

yasya < yad

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

te < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

sapta < saptan

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“seven; seventh.”

sindhavaḥ < sindhu

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

anukṣaranti < anukṣar < √kṣar

[verb], plural, Present indikative

kākudaṃ < kākudam < kākud

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“esophagus.”

sūrmyaṃ < sūrmyam < sūrmi

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

suṣirām < suṣira

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

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