Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 7.44.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
द॒धि॒क्रावा॑ प्रथ॒मो वा॒ज्यर्वाग्रे॒ रथा॑नां भवति प्रजा॒नन् । सं॒वि॒दा॒न उ॒षसा॒ सूर्ये॑णादि॒त्येभि॒र्वसु॑भि॒रङ्गि॑रोभिः ॥
दधिक्रावा प्रथमो वाज्यर्वाग्रे रथानां भवति प्रजानन् । संविदान उषसा सूर्येणादित्येभिर्वसुभिरङ्गिरोभिः ॥
dadhikrāvā prathamo vājy arvāgre rathānām bhavati prajānan | saṃvidāna uṣasā sūryeṇādityebhir vasubhir aṅgirobhiḥ ||
English translation:
“Dadhikrāvan, the swift steed, the first (of horses), knowing (his office), is in the front of the chariots (ofthe gods), consentient with Uṣas, with Sūrya, wiḥ the Ādityas, with the Vasus, with the Aṅgirasas.”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vasiṣṭhaḥ [vasiṣṭha];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): liṅgoktāḥ ;
Chandas (meter): paṅktiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
द॒धि॒ऽक्रावा॑ । प्र॒थ॒मः । वा॒जी । अर्वा॑ । अग्रे॑ । रथा॑नाम् । भ॒व॒ति॒ । प्र॒ऽजा॒नन् । स॒म्ऽवि॒दा॒नः । उ॒षसा॑ । सूर्ये॑ण । आ॒दि॒त्येभिः॑ । वसु॑ऽभिः । अङ्गि॑रःऽभिः ॥
दधिक्रावा । प्रथमः । वाजी । अर्वा । अग्रे । रथानाम् । भवति । प्रजानन् । सम्विदानः । उषसा । सूर्येण । आदित्येभिः । वसुभिः । अङ्गिरःभिः ॥
dadhi-krāvā | prathamaḥ | vājī | arvā | agre | rathānām | bhavati | pra-jānan | sam-vidānaḥ | uṣasā | sūryeṇa | ādityebhiḥ | vasu-bhiḥ | aṅgiraḥ-bhiḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 7.44.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Dadhikrā.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“victorious; triumphant; strong; gainful.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“horse; arvan [word]; racehorse.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“tip; beginning; peak; end; front; top; beginning; battlefront; agra [word]; acme; fingertip; top; best; optimum; climax; matter; glans.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“know; perceive; understand; detect.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“agree; know; match; recognize.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“sun; Aditya; Surya; āditya [word].”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“Vasu; Vasu; eight; vas; audbhida; Deva; sun; pāṃśuja; Agni.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“Aṅgiras; Aṅgiras; Brahman; Atharva-Veda; aṅgiras [word]; Aṅgiras.”