Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.51.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒च्छन्ती॑र॒द्य चि॑तयन्त भो॒जान्रा॑धो॒देया॑यो॒षसो॑ म॒घोनी॑: । अ॒चि॒त्रे अ॒न्तः प॒णय॑: सस॒न्त्वबु॑ध्यमाना॒स्तम॑सो॒ विम॑ध्ये ॥
उच्छन्तीरद्य चितयन्त भोजान्राधोदेयायोषसो मघोनीः । अचित्रे अन्तः पणयः ससन्त्वबुध्यमानास्तमसो विमध्ये ॥
ucchantīr adya citayanta bhojān rādhodeyāyoṣaso maghonīḥ | acitre antaḥ paṇayaḥ sasantv abudhyamānās tamaso vimadhye ||

English translation:

“The gloom-dispelling, affluent Dawns animate the pious worshippers to offer (sacrificial) treasure; may the churlish (traffickers) sleep on unawakened, in the unlovely depth of darkness.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The churlish traffickers: paṇaya = vaṇijaḥ, i.e., adātāraḥ, non-givers

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): uṣāḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒च्छन्तीः॑ । अ॒द्य । चि॒त॒य॒न्त॒ । भो॒जान् । रा॒धः॒ऽदेया॑य । उ॒षसः॑ । म॒घोनीः॑ । अ॒चि॒त्रे । अ॒न्तरिति॑ । प॒णयः॑ । स॒स॒न्तु॒ । अबु॑ध्यमानाः । तम॑सः । विऽम॑ध्ये ॥
उच्छन्तीः । अद्य । चितयन्त । भोजान् । राधःदेयाय । उषसः । मघोनीः । अचित्रे । अन्तरिति । पणयः । ससन्तु । अबुध्यमानाः । तमसः । विमध्ये ॥
ucchantīḥ | adya | citayanta | bhojān | rādhaḥ-deyāya | uṣasaḥ | maghonīḥ | acitre | antariti | paṇayaḥ | sasantu | abudhyamānāḥ | tamasaḥ | vi-madhye

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.51.3 English analysis of grammar]

ucchantīr < ucchantīḥ < vas

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“dawn; shine.”

adya

[adverb]

“now; today; then; nowadays; adya [word].”

citayanta < citay < √cit

[verb], plural, Present injunctive

bhojān < bhoja

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“big; hospitable.”

rādhodeyāyoṣaso < rādhaḥ < rādhas

[noun], neuter

“gift; munificence; liberality; bounty.”

rādhodeyāyoṣaso < deyāya < deya

[noun], dative, singular, neuter

“giving; gift.”

rādhodeyāyoṣaso < uṣasaḥ < uṣas

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

maghonīḥ < maghavan

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“big.”

acitre < a

[adverb]

“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

acitre < citre < citra

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“manifold; extraordinary; beautiful; divers(a); varicolored; bright; bright; bright; outstanding; agitated; aglitter(p); brilliant; painted; obvious; patched; bizarre.”

antaḥ < antar

[adverb]

“inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”

paṇayaḥ < paṇi

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“niggard; paṇ.”

sasantv < sasantu < sas

[verb], plural, Present imperative

“sleep.”

abudhyamānās < a

[adverb]

“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

abudhyamānās < budhyamānāḥ < budh

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“understand; notice; wake up; observe; detect; attend to; awaken; attend.”

tamaso < tamasaḥ < tamas

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“dark; darkness; Tamas; tamas [word]; faint; tamas; gloom; ignorance.”

vimadhye < vimadhya

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“middle.”

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