Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.18.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
किं स ऋध॑क्कृणव॒द्यं स॒हस्रं॑ मा॒सो ज॒भार॑ श॒रद॑श्च पू॒र्वीः । न॒ही न्व॑स्य प्रति॒मान॒मस्त्य॒न्तर्जा॒तेषू॒त ये जनि॑त्वाः ॥
किं स ऋधक्कृणवद्यं सहस्रं मासो जभार शरदश्च पूर्वीः । नही न्वस्य प्रतिमानमस्त्यन्तर्जातेषूत ये जनित्वाः ॥
kiṃ sa ṛdhak kṛṇavad yaṃ sahasram māso jabhāra śaradaś ca pūrvīḥ | nahī nv asya pratimānam asty antar jāteṣūta ye janitvāḥ ||
English translation:
“Aditi speaks: What irregular act has he committed whom (I, his mother), bore for a thousand months and for many years? there is no analogy between him and those who have been or will be born.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Aditi defends her son upon the plural a that, as his period of gestation was marvellous, his actions are not to be compared with those of any others
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indrāditī ;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
किम् । सः । ऋध॑क् । कृ॒ण॒व॒त् । यम् । स॒हस्र॑म् । मा॒सः । ज॒भार॑ । श॒रदः॑ । च॒ । पू॒र्वीः । न॒ही । नु । आ॒स्य॒ । प्र॒ति॒ऽमान॑म् । अस्ति॑ । अ॒न्तः । ज॒तेषु॑ । उ॒त । ये । जनि॑ऽत्वाः ॥
किम् । सः । ऋधक् । कृणवत् । यम् । सहस्रम् । मासः । जभार । शरदः । च । पूर्वीः । नही । नु । आस्य । प्रतिमानम् । अस्ति । अन्तः । जतेषु । उत । ये । जनित्वाः ॥
kim | saḥ | ṛdhak | kṛṇavat | yam | sahasram | māsaḥ | jabhāra | śaradaḥ | ca | pūrvīḥ | nahī | nu | āsya | prati-mānam | asti | antaḥ | jateṣu | uta | ye | jani-tvāḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.18.4 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“why; ka [pronoun]; if; how.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[adverb]
“away; apart.”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“month; lunar month.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“fall; year; śarad [word].”
[adverb]
“and; besides; then; now; even.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“many; much(a); very.”
[adverb]
[adverb]
“now; already.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“weight.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[adverb]
“inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”
[verb noun], locative, plural
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”