Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.12.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒ग्निरी॑शे बृह॒तः क्ष॒त्रिय॑स्या॒ग्निर्वाज॑स्य पर॒मस्य॑ रा॒यः । दधा॑ति॒ रत्नं॑ विध॒ते यवि॑ष्ठो॒ व्या॑नु॒षङ्मर्त्या॑य स्व॒धावा॑न् ॥
अग्निरीशे बृहतः क्षत्रियस्याग्निर्वाजस्य परमस्य रायः । दधाति रत्नं विधते यविष्ठो व्यानुषङ्मर्त्याय स्वधावान् ॥
agnir īśe bṛhataḥ kṣatriyasyāgnir vājasya paramasya rāyaḥ | dadhāti ratnaṃ vidhate yaviṣṭho vy ānuṣaṅ martyāya svadhāvān ||
English translation:
“Agni is the possessor of great strength of excellent food of riches, the young (of the gods); abounding in sustenance, he gives to the mortal who worships him precious (wealth) according to (his devotion).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The possessor of great strength: bṛhataḥ kṣatriyasya = mahato balasya
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒ग्निः । ई॒शे॒ । बृ॒ह॒तः । क्ष॒त्रिय॑स्य । अ॒ग्निः । वाज॑स्य । प॒र॒मस्य॑ । रा॒यः । दधा॑ति । रत्न॑म् । वि॒ध॒ते । यवि॑ष्ठः । वि । आ॒नु॒षक् । मर्त्या॑य । स्व॒धाऽवा॑न् ॥
अग्निः । ईशे । बृहतः । क्षत्रियस्य । अग्निः । वाजस्य । परमस्य । रायः । दधाति । रत्नम् । विधते । यविष्ठः । वि । आनुषक् । मर्त्याय । स्वधावान् ॥
agniḥ | āśe | bṛhataḥ | kṣatriyasya | agniḥ | vājasya | paramasya | rāyaḥ | dadhāti | ratnam | vidhate | yaviṣṭhaḥ | vi | ānuṣak | martyāya | svadhāvān
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.12.3 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“govern; command; master; dominate; can; reign; control; own.”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“extreme; best; excellent; highest; highest; devoted(p); maximal; distant; parama [word]; very; farthermost.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“jewel; wealth; best; treasure; vajra; property; jewel; ruby; jewelry.”
[verb noun], dative, singular
“worship; offer.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“youngest.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[adverb]
“correctly; in sequence; punctually.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“autonomous; independent.”