Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.11.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वाम॑ग्ने प्रथ॒मं दे॑व॒यन्तो॑ दे॒वं मर्ता॑ अमृत म॒न्द्रजि॑ह्वम् । द्वे॒षो॒युत॒मा वि॑वासन्ति धी॒भिर्दमू॑नसं गृ॒हप॑ति॒ममू॑रम् ॥
त्वामग्ने प्रथमं देवयन्तो देवं मर्ता अमृत मन्द्रजिह्वम् । द्वेषोयुतमा विवासन्ति धीभिर्दमूनसं गृहपतिममूरम् ॥
tvām agne prathamaṃ devayanto devam martā amṛta mandrajihvam | dveṣoyutam ā vivāsanti dhībhir damūnasaṃ gṛhapatim amūram ||

English translation:

“Immortal Agni, devout mortals worship with holy rites you the first deity (of the gods), whose tongue exhilarates (them), the dissipator of sin, the humiliator (of the demons) the lord of the mansion, the unperplexed.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Whose tongues exhilarate them: by taking as their mouth the oblation; the humiliator of demons: damanūnasam = rākṣasam damanakareṇa mānasopetam, being intent on destroying the rākṣasas, having a mind for taming, or a tamed or humble mind, a liberal or a domestic mind

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वाम् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । प्र॒थ॒मम् । दे॒व॒ऽयन्तः॑ । दे॒वम् । भर्ता॑ । अ॒मृ॒त॒ । म॒न्द्रऽजि॑ह्वम् । द्वे॒षः॒ऽयुत॑म् । आ । वि॒वा॒स॒न्ति॒ । धी॒भिः । दमू॑नसम् । गृ॒हऽप॑तिम् । अमू॑रम् ॥
त्वाम् । अग्ने । प्रथमम् । देवयन्तः । देवम् । भर्ता । अमृत । मन्द्रजिह्वम् । द्वेषःयुतम् । आ । विवासन्ति । धीभिः । दमूनसम् । गृहपतिम् । अमूरम् ॥
tvām | agne | prathamam | deva-yantaḥ | devam | bhartā | amṛta | mandra-jihvam | dveṣaḥ-yutam | ā | vivāsanti | dhībhiḥ | damūnasam | gṛha-patim | amūram

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.11.5 English analysis of grammar]

tvām < tvad

[noun], accusative, singular

“you.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

prathamaṃ < prathamam < prathama

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”

devayanto < devayantaḥ < devay

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“solicit.”

devam < deva

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

martā < martāḥ < marta

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“man.”

amṛta

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“immortal; amṛta; imperishable.”

mandrajihvam < mandra

[noun]

“pleasant; eloquent; dulcet.”

mandrajihvam < jihvam < jihvā

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“tongue; tongue; jihvā [word]; fire.”

dveṣoyutam < dveṣaḥ < dveṣas

[noun], neuter

“hostility; enemy.”

dveṣoyutam < yutam < yut

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“removing.”

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

vivāsanti < vivās < √van

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“invite; endeavor; try for.”

dhībhir < dhībhiḥ < dhī

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

damūnasaṃ < damūnasam < damūnas

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“master.”

gṛhapatim < gṛha

[noun], neuter

“house; palace; temple; home; place; family; family; stable.”

gṛhapatim < patim < pati

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”

amūram < amūra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“wise; intelligent; apt.”

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