Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.9.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
उ॒त ग्ना अ॒ग्निर॑ध्व॒र उ॒तो गृ॒हप॑ति॒र्दमे॑ । उ॒त ब्र॒ह्मा नि षी॑दति ॥
उत ग्ना अग्निरध्वर उतो गृहपतिर्दमे । उत ब्रह्मा नि षीदति ॥
uta gnā agnir adhvara uto gṛhapatir dame | uta brahmā ni ṣīdati ||
English translation:
“Agni may be the officiating priest at the sacrifice, or the master of the house in the sacrificial chamber, or he sits down as the Brahman.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The officiating priest at the sacrifice: uta gna agnir adhvara: gna = devapatnī, a wife of a deity; one reading: agnir yaje devapatnir yajati, Agni worships the wives of the gods at the sacrifice; or, gna = gacchan, going, may relate to the adhvaryu, who moves about the ceremonial
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): gāyatrī;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
उ॒त । ग्नाः । अ॒ग्निः । अ॒ध्व॒रे । उ॒तो इति॑ । गृ॒हऽप॑तिः । दमे॑ । उ॒त । ब्र॒ह्मा । नि । सी॒द॒ति॒ ॥
उत । ग्नाः । अग्निः । अध्वरे । उतो इति । गृहपतिः । दमे । उत । ब्रह्मा । नि । सीदति ॥
uta | gnāḥ | agniḥ | adhvare | uto iti | gṛha-patiḥ | dame | uta | brahmā | ni | sīdati
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.9.4 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“goddess.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“yajña; ceremony; adhvara [word].”
[adverb]
“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
[adverb]
“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“gṛhapati [word]; Gṛhastha.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“dwelling; home.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Brahma; Brahmin; dhak; Brahman; brahman [word]; Brahman; Brahmin; Brahmapurāṇa; Vishnu; Brihaspati.”
[adverb]
“back; down.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”