Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.4.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
प्रति॒ स्पशो॒ वि सृ॑ज॒ तूर्णि॑तमो॒ भवा॑ पा॒युर्वि॒शो अ॒स्या अद॑ब्धः । यो नो॑ दू॒रे अ॒घशं॑सो॒ यो अन्त्यग्ने॒ माकि॑ष्टे॒ व्यथि॒रा द॑धर्षीत् ॥
प्रति स्पशो वि सृज तूर्णितमो भवा पायुर्विशो अस्या अदब्धः । यो नो दूरे अघशंसो यो अन्त्यग्ने माकिष्टे व्यथिरा दधर्षीत् ॥
prati spaśo vi sṛja tūrṇitamo bhavā pāyur viśo asyā adabdhaḥ | yo no dūre aghaśaṃso yo anty agne mākiṣ ṭe vyathir ā dadharṣīt ||
English translation:
“Do you, who are most rapid, direct your (flames) against opposing (rays), and, unresisted, become the protector of this your people against the calumniator who is remote or who is nigh; let no malevolent (foe) prevail against us (who are) your worshippers.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Direct your flames against opposing rays: prati spaśo viṛja: spaśaḥ = parabādhakān raśmin; or, it may mean, caran, spies, sent to determine between true and false, satyanṛtavivekāītham; praṇidhin may also mean binders, imprisoners, bandhanakṛtāḥ
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): rakṣohā'gniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
प्रति॑ । स्पशः॑ । वि । सृ॒ज॒ । तूर्णि॑ऽतमः । भव॑ । पा॒युः । वि॒शः । अ॒स्याः । अद॑ब्धः । यः । नः॒ । दू॒रे । अ॒घऽशं॑सः । यः । अन्ति॑ । अग्ने॑ । माकिः॑ । ते॒ । व्यथिः॑ । आ । द॒ध॒र्षी॒त् ॥
प्रति । स्पशः । वि । सृज । तूर्णितमः । भव । पायुः । विशः । अस्याः । अदब्धः । यः । नः । दूरे । अघशंसः । यः । अन्ति । अग्ने । माकिः । ते । व्यथिः । आ । दधर्षीत् ॥
prati | spaśaḥ | vi | sṛja | tūrṇi-tamaḥ | bhava | pāyuḥ | viśaḥ | asyāḥ | adabdhaḥ | yaḥ | naḥ | dūre | agha-śaṃsaḥ | yaḥ | anti | agne | mākiḥ | te | vyathiḥ | ā | dadharṣīt
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.4.3 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“lookout; spy; spaś.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“guard; pāyu [word]; Pāyu.”
[noun], genitive, singular, feminine
“people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”
[noun], genitive, singular, feminine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“unfailing; unimpaired.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“distance; distance; farness.”
[noun], neuter
“sin; evil; impurity; agha [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“speaking.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[adverb]
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[adverb]
[noun], genitive, singular
“you.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[verb], singular, Perfect injunctive
“dare; attack.”