Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.59.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
मि॒त्रो जना॑न्यातयति ब्रुवा॒णो मि॒त्रो दा॑धार पृथि॒वीमु॒त द्याम् । मि॒त्रः कृ॒ष्टीरनि॑मिषा॒भि च॑ष्टे मि॒त्राय॑ ह॒व्यं घृ॒तव॑ज्जुहोत ॥
मित्रो जनान्यातयति ब्रुवाणो मित्रो दाधार पृथिवीमुत द्याम् । मित्रः कृष्टीरनिमिषाभि चष्टे मित्राय हव्यं घृतवज्जुहोत ॥
mitro janān yātayati bruvāṇo mitro dādhāra pṛthivīm uta dyām | mitraḥ kṛṣṭīr animiṣābhi caṣṭe mitrāya havyaṃ ghṛtavaj juhota ||
English translation:
“Mitra, when praised, animates men to exertion; Indra sustains both the earth and heaven; Mitra looks upon men with unclosing eyes; offer to Mitra the oblations of clarified butter.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Mitra: signifies the sun, who is measured or appreciated (miyate) by all, and who preserves (trāyate) the world, by bestowing rain; cf. Nirukta. 10.22
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gopavana ātreyaḥ saptavadhrirvā [gopavana ātreya saptavadhrirvā];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): mitraḥ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
मि॒त्रः । जना॑न् । या॒त॒य॒ति॒ । ब्रु॒वा॒णः । मि॒त्रः । दा॒धा॒र॒ । पृ॒थि॒वीम् । उ॒त । द्याम् । मि॒त्रः । कृ॒ष्टीः । अनि॑ऽमिषा । अ॒भि । च॒ष्टे॒ । मि॒त्राय॑ । ह॒व्यम् । घृ॒तऽव॑त् । जु॒हो॒त॒ ॥
मित्रः । जनान् । यातयति । ब्रुवाणः । मित्रः । दाधार । पृथिवीम् । उत । द्याम् । मित्रः । कृष्टीः । अनिमिषा । अभि । चष्टे । मित्राय । हव्यम् । घृतवत् । जुहोत ॥
mitraḥ | janān | yātayati | bruvāṇaḥ | mitraḥ | dādhāra | pṛthivīm | uta | dyām | mitraḥ | kṛṣṭīḥ | animiṣā | abhi | caṣṭe | mitrāya | havyam | ghṛta-vat | juhota
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.59.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“endeavor; settle.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“say; tell; describe; speak; state; answer; call; explain; address; proclaim; talk; talk; choose.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“keep; put; hold; assume; wear; take; promise; stay; exist; hold; begin; dip.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“people; citizenry.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“agaze.”
[adverb]
“towards; on.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“watch; look.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“Havya; offering; havya [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“buttery.”
[verb], plural, Present imperative
“sacrifice; offer; pour; worship.”