Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.49.2

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यं नु नकि॒: पृत॑नासु स्व॒राजं॑ द्वि॒ता तर॑ति॒ नृत॑मं हरि॒ष्ठाम् । इ॒नत॑म॒: सत्व॑भि॒र्यो ह॑ शू॒षैः पृ॑थु॒ज्रया॑ अमिना॒दायु॒र्दस्यो॑: ॥
यं नु नकिः पृतनासु स्वराजं द्विता तरति नृतमं हरिष्ठाम् । इनतमः सत्वभिर्यो ह शूषैः पृथुज्रया अमिनादायुर्दस्योः ॥
yaṃ nu nakiḥ pṛtanāsu svarājaṃ dvitā tarati nṛtamaṃ hariṣṭhām | inatamaḥ satvabhir yo ha śūṣaiḥ pṛthujrayā aminād āyur dasyoḥ ||

English translation:

“Whom, when borne by his steeds, foremost and eminent in battles, breaking in two the (hostile host), no one ever surpasses; supreme in a way, attended by his faithful Maruts, and hastening to combat, he has destroyed with foe-withering (energies) the existence of the Dasyu.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gopavana ātreyaḥ saptavadhrirvā [gopavana ātreya saptavadhrirvā];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यम् । नु । नकिः॑ । पृत॑नासु । स्व॒ऽराज॑म् । द्वि॒ता । तर॑ति । नृऽत॑मम् । ह॒रि॒ऽस्थाम् । इ॒नऽत॑मः । सत्व॑ऽभिः । यः । ह॒ । शू॒षैः । पृ॒थु॒ऽज्रयाः॑ । अ॒मि॒ना॒त् । आयुः॑ । दस्योः॑ ॥
यम् । नु । नकिः । पृतनासु । स्वराजम् । द्विता । तरति । नृतमम् । हरिस्थाम् । इनतमः । सत्वभिः । यः । ह । शूषैः । पृथुज्रयाः । अमिनात् । आयुः । दस्योः ॥
yam | nu | nakiḥ | pṛtanāsu | sva-rājam | dvitā | tarati | nṛ-tamam | hari-sthām | ina-tamaḥ | satva-bhiḥ | yaḥ | ha | śūṣaiḥ | pṛthu-jrayāḥ | amināt | āyuḥ | dasyoḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.49.2 English analysis of grammar]

yaṃ < yam < yad

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

nu

[adverb]

“now; already.”

nakiḥ < nakir

[adverb]

“not.”

pṛtanāsu < pṛtanā

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“army; battle; pṛtanā [word]; pṛtanā.”

svarājaṃ < svarājam < svarāj

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“svarāj; Vishnu.”

dvitā

[adverb]

“again.”

tarati < tṛ

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”

nṛtamaṃ < nṛtamam < nṛtama

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

hariṣṭhām < hariṣṭhā

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

inatamaḥ < inatama

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

satvabhir < satvabhiḥ < satvan

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“warrior.”

yo < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

ha

[adverb]

“indeed; ha [word].”

śūṣaiḥ < śūṣa

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“loud; brave.”

pṛthujrayā < pṛthu

[noun]

“broad; wide; great; flat; pṛthu [word]; far.”

pṛthujrayā < jrayāḥ < jrayas

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“expanse; area.”

aminād < amināt <

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“transgress; damage.”

āyur < āyuḥ < āyus

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“life; longevity; āyus; life; āyus [word]; Āyus.”

dasyoḥ < dasyu

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“savage; outcast; mugger.”

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