Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.39.5
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
सखा॑ ह॒ यत्र॒ सखि॑भि॒र्नव॑ग्वैरभि॒ज्ञ्वा सत्व॑भि॒र्गा अ॑नु॒ग्मन् । स॒त्यं तदिन्द्रो॑ द॒शभि॒र्दश॑ग्वै॒: सूर्यं॑ विवेद॒ तम॑सि क्षि॒यन्त॑म् ॥
सखा ह यत्र सखिभिर्नवग्वैरभिज्ञ्वा सत्वभिर्गा अनुग्मन् । सत्यं तदिन्द्रो दशभिर्दशग्वैः सूर्यं विवेद तमसि क्षियन्तम् ॥
sakhā ha yatra sakhibhir navagvair abhijñv ā satvabhir gā anugman | satyaṃ tad indro daśabhir daśagvaiḥ sūryaṃ viveda tamasi kṣiyantam ||
English translation:
“A friend, accompanied by the faithful friends who had celebrated the nine months rite, and tracking the cows upon their knees, and in like manner accompanied by those ten who had accomplished the ten months' rite, Indra made manifest the true (light of the sun) (theretofore) dweling in (the) darkness (of the cave).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The faithful friends: the aṅgirasas; ten months' rite: navagvaḥ and daśagvaḥ
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gopavana ātreyaḥ saptavadhrirvā [gopavana ātreya saptavadhrirvā];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
सखा॑ । ह॒ । यत्र॑ । सखि॑ऽभिः । नव॑ऽग्वैः । अ॒भि॒ऽज्ञु । आ । सत्व॑ऽभिः । गाः । अ॒नु॒ऽग्मन् । स॒त्यम् । तत् । इन्द्रः॑ । द॒शऽभिः॑ । दश॑ऽग्वैः । सूर्य॑म् । वि॒वे॒द॒ । तम॑सि । क्षि॒यन्त॑म् ॥
सखा । ह । यत्र । सखिभिः । नवग्वैः । अभिज्ञु । आ । सत्वभिः । गाः । अनुग्मन् । सत्यम् । तत् । इन्द्रः । दशभिः । दशग्वैः । सूर्यम् । विवेद । तमसि । क्षियन्तम् ॥
sakhā | ha | yatra | sakhi-bhiḥ | nava-gvaiḥ | abhi-jñu | ā | satva-bhiḥ | gāḥ | anu-gman | satyam | tat | indraḥ | daśa-bhiḥ | daśa-gvaiḥ | sūryam | viveda | tamasi | kṣiyantam
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.39.5 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
[adverb]
“indeed; ha [word].”
[adverb]
“wherein; once [when].”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“Navagva.”
[adverb]
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“warrior.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
“follow; enter; approach; affect; imitate; blend; observe.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“true; real; real; faithful; good.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“ten; tenth; daśan [word].”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“find; detect; marry; get; think.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“dark; darkness; Tamas; tamas [word]; faint; tamas; gloom; ignorance.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“govern; inhabit; dwell; stay; predominate; bide; own.”