Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.33.13

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उद्व॑ ऊ॒र्मिः शम्या॑ ह॒न्त्वापो॒ योक्त्रा॑णि मुञ्चत । मादु॑ष्कृतौ॒ व्ये॑नसा॒घ्न्यौ शून॒मार॑ताम् ॥
उद्व ऊर्मिः शम्या हन्त्वापो योक्त्राणि मुञ्चत । मादुष्कृतौ व्येनसाघ्न्यौ शूनमारताम् ॥
ud va ūrmiḥ śamyā hantv āpo yoktrāṇi muñcata | māduṣkṛtau vyenasāghnyau śūnam āratām ||

English translation:

“Let your waves (rivers) so flow that the pin of the yoke may be above (their) waters; leave the traces full, and may (the two streams), exempt from misfortune or defect, and uncensured, exhibit no (present) increase.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The pin: śamyā, yugkīla; or, the ropes that are fastened to the ends of the yoke, the traces: yugyakaṇṭha pārśvādi saṃlagna rajjavaḥ; yoktrāṇi is also similarly explained; perhaps, these refer to the traces; exhibit no present increase: ma śūnam āratām: śūnam = samṛddhim, increase, referring merely to the present moment; i.e., may the rivers not so rise as to prevent his passage; or, it may convey a wish that the rivers might never suffer any diminution, taking śūnam in the sense of śūnyam, emptiness

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gopavana ātreyaḥ saptavadhrirvā [gopavana ātreya saptavadhrirvā];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): nadyaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): uṣṇik ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उत् । वः॒ । ऊ॒र्मिः । शम्याः॑ । ह॒न्तु॒ । आपः॑ । योक्त्रा॑णि । मु॒ञ्च॒त॒ । मा । अदुः॑ऽकृतौ । विऽए॑नसा । अ॒घ्न्यौ । शून॑म् । आ । अ॒र॒ता॒म् ॥
उत् । वः । ऊर्मिः । शम्याः । हन्तु । आपः । योक्त्राणि । मुञ्चत । मा । अदुःकृतौ । विएनसा । अघ्न्यौ । शूनम् । आ । अरताम् ॥
ut | vaḥ | ūrmiḥ | śamyāḥ | hantu | āpaḥ | yoktrāṇi | muñcata | mā | aduḥ-kṛtau | vi-enasā | aghnyau | śūnam | ā | aratām

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.33.13 English analysis of grammar]

ud

[adverb]

“up.”

va < vaḥ < tvad

[noun], genitive, plural

“you.”

ūrmiḥ < ūrmi

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“wave; billow.”

śamyā < śamyāḥ < śamyā

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“stick; peg.”

hantv < hantu < han

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”

āpo < āpaḥ < ap

[noun], vocative, plural, feminine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

yoktrāṇi < yoktra

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

muñcata < muc

[verb], plural, Present imperative

“liberate; emit; get rid of; shoot; release; put; tousle; secrete; fill into; shoot; spill; lose; ejaculate; exclude; free; remove; loosen; let go of; add; shed; want; save; defecate; heal; fart; open; abandon; discard; precipitate; reject; lay; unleash; exhale; discharge.”

māduṣkṛtau <

[adverb]

“not.”

māduṣkṛtau < a

[adverb]

“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

māduṣkṛtau < duṣkṛtau < duṣkṛt

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“wicked.”

vyenasāghnyau < vyenasā < vyenas

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

vyenasāghnyau < aghnyau < aghnya

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“bull.”

śūnam < śūna

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“lack; absence.”

āratām < ārch < √ṛch

[verb], dual, Aorist imperative

“enter (a state).”

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