Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.31.16

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒पश्चि॑दे॒ष वि॒भ्वो॒३॒॑ दमू॑ना॒: प्र स॒ध्रीची॑रसृजद्वि॒श्वश्च॑न्द्राः । मध्व॑: पुना॒नाः क॒विभि॑: प॒वित्रै॒र्द्युभि॑र्हिन्वन्त्य॒क्तुभि॒र्धनु॑त्रीः ॥
अपश्चिदेष विभ्वो दमूनाः प्र सध्रीचीरसृजद्विश्वश्चन्द्राः । मध्वः पुनानाः कविभिः पवित्रैर्द्युभिर्हिन्वन्त्यक्तुभिर्धनुत्रीः ॥
apaś cid eṣa vibhvo damūnāḥ pra sadhrīcīr asṛjad viśvaścandrāḥ | madhvaḥ punānāḥ kavibhiḥ pavitrair dyubhir hinvanty aktubhir dhanutrīḥ ||

English translation:

“This lowly-minded Indra has created the wide-spread, commingled, all-delighting waters; and they, purifying the sweet (libations) with the sage purifiers, and being benevolent (to all), proceed with (the revolutions) of days and nights.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

With the sage purifiers: kavibhiḥ pavitraiḥ = the sages, who are as it were with the filters or purifiers of the soma, are the divinities: agni, vāyu and sūrya; proceed with days and nights: dyubhir-hinvantyuktabhiḥ = they go with days and nights, i.e. they regulate by day and night the respective functions of all the world: rātridivam saravam jagat sva svavyāparapravanam kurvanti, they make the whole world diligent in its respective functions by night and day

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ, aiṣīrathīḥ kuśiko vā [gāthina viśvāmitra, aiṣīrathīḥ kuśika vā];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāṭpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒पः । चि॒त् । ए॒षः । वि॒ऽभ्वः॑ । दमू॑नाः । प्र । स॒ध्रीचीः॑ । अ॒सृ॒ज॒त् । वि॒श्वऽच॑न्द्राः । मध्वः॑ । पु॒ना॒नाः । क॒विऽभिः॑ । प॒वित्रैः॑ । द्युऽभिः॑ । हि॒न्व॒न्ति॒ । अ॒क्तुऽभिः॑ । धनु॑त्रीः ॥
अपः । चित् । एषः । विभ्वः । दमूनाः । प्र । सध्रीचीः । असृजत् । विश्वचन्द्राः । मध्वः । पुनानाः । कविभिः । पवित्रैः । द्युभिः । हिन्वन्ति । अक्तुभिः । धनुत्रीः ॥
apaḥ | cit | eṣaḥ | vi-bhvaḥ | damūnāḥ | pra | sadhrīcīḥ | asṛjat | viśva-candrāḥ | madhvaḥ | punānāḥ | kavi-bhiḥ | pavitraiḥ | dyu-bhiḥ | hinvanti | aktu-bhiḥ | dhanutrīḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.31.16 English analysis of grammar]

apaś < apaḥ < ap

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

cid < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

eṣa < etad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

vibhvo < vibhvaḥ < vibhu

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“mighty; abundant; big.”

damūnāḥ < damūnas

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“master.”

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

sadhrīcīr < sadhrīcīḥ < sadhryañc

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

asṛjad < asṛjat < sṛj

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

viśvaścandrāḥ < viśva

[noun]

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

viśvaścandrāḥ < ścandrāḥ < ścandra

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“shining; glistening; brilliant.”

madhvaḥ < madhu

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“sweet; deft.”

punānāḥ <

[verb noun], accusative, plural

“purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

kavibhiḥ < kavi

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“mental; wise; mental; enlightened.”

pavitrair < pavitraiḥ < pavitra

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“strainer.”

dyubhir < dyubhiḥ < div

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

hinvanty < hinvanti < hi

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

aktubhir < aktubhiḥ < aktu

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“night; dark; beam.”

dhanutrīḥ < dhanutṛ

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

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