Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.38.5
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
नानौकां॑सि॒ दुर्यो॒ विश्व॒मायु॒र्वि ति॑ष्ठते प्रभ॒वः शोको॑ अ॒ग्नेः । ज्येष्ठं॑ मा॒ता सू॒नवे॑ भा॒गमाधा॒दन्व॑स्य॒ केत॑मिषि॒तं स॑वि॒त्रा ॥
नानौकांसि दुर्यो विश्वमायुर्वि तिष्ठते प्रभवः शोको अग्नेः । ज्येष्ठं माता सूनवे भागमाधादन्वस्य केतमिषितं सवित्रा ॥
nānaukāṃsi duryo viśvam āyur vi tiṣṭhate prabhavaḥ śoko agneḥ | jyeṣṭham mātā sūnave bhāgam ādhād anv asya ketam iṣitaṃ savitrā ||
English translation:
“The engendered domestic radiance of Agni spreads through various dwellings, and presides over all (sorts of sacrificial) food; the mother, (Dawn), has assigned to her son, (Agni), the best portion (at sacrifices), which is the manifestation of him imparted by Savitā.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The agnihotra rite is to be performed at dawn, which may be therefore considered as enjoined or instrumental gated by the rising sun
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): savitā ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
नाना॑ । ओकां॑सि । दुर्यः॑ । विश्व॑म् । आयुः॑ । वि । ति॒ष्ठ॒ते॒ । प्र॒ऽभ॒वः । शोकः॑ । अ॒ग्नेः । ज्येष्ठ॑म् । मा॒ता । सू॒नवे॑ । भा॒गम् । आ । अ॒धा॒त् । अनु॑ । अ॒स्य॒ । केत॑म् । इ॒षि॒तम् । स॒वि॒त्रा ॥
नाना । ओकांसि । दुर्यः । विश्वम् । आयुः । वि । तिष्ठते । प्रभवः । शोकः । अग्नेः । ज्येष्ठम् । माता । सूनवे । भागम् । आ । अधात् । अनु । अस्य । केतम् । इषितम् । सवित्रा ॥
nānā | okāṃsi | duryaḥ | viśvam | āyuḥ | vi | tiṣṭhate | pra-bhavaḥ | śokaḥ | agneḥ | jyeṣṭham | mātā | sūnave | bhāgam | ā | adhāt | anu | asya | ketam | iṣitam | savitrā
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.38.5 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“variously; differently; many; individually.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“home; house; oka [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“life; longevity; āyus; life; āyus [word]; Āyus.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“sorrow; grief; pain; heat; śoka [word]; fire; flare; heat; trouble.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“firstborn; best; first; excellent; highest; jyeṣṭha [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“son; offspring.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“part; part; part; parcel; quarter; body part; location; region; allotment; part; numerator; division; application; function; outside; bhāga [word]; volume; helping.”
[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
“put; conceive; ignite; keep; effect; fuel; lend; cover; direct.”
[adverb]
“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“wish; will; purpose; expectation; house.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“send.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“Savitar; sun; Surya; Savitṛ.”