Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.19.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
सो अ॑प्र॒तीनि॒ मन॑वे पु॒रूणीन्द्रो॑ दाशद्दा॒शुषे॒ हन्ति॑ वृ॒त्रम् । स॒द्यो यो नृभ्यो॑ अत॒साय्यो॒ भूत्प॑स्पृधा॒नेभ्य॒: सूर्य॑स्य सा॒तौ ॥
सो अप्रतीनि मनवे पुरूणीन्द्रो दाशद्दाशुषे हन्ति वृत्रम् । सद्यो यो नृभ्यो अतसाय्यो भूत्पस्पृधानेभ्यः सूर्यस्य सातौ ॥
so apratīni manave purūṇīndro dāśad dāśuṣe hanti vṛtram | sadyo yo nṛbhyo atasāyyo bhūt paspṛdhānebhyaḥ sūryasya sātau ||
English translation:
“To the presenter (ofthe libation) Indra gives many unparalleled gifts; he slays Vṛtra; he who was the arbiter among his worshippers when contending for the possession of the Sun.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Who was the arbiter: atasāyyo bhūt paspṛdhānebhyaḥ sūryasya sātau: prāptihetubhūtaḥ san, being the cause of obtaining, to those who were contending; saying, let me be the first to have the sun-- aham eva prathamam sūryam prāpnuyām; or, sātī may mean war; to those contending in battle with the sun; the next hymn alludes to a legend of a dispute between sūrya and etaśa, in which Indra supported the latter
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
सः । अ॒प्र॒तीनि॑ । मन॑वे । पु॒रूणि॑ । इन्द्रः॑ । दा॒श॒त् । दा॒शुषे॑ । हन्ति॑ । वृ॒त्रम् । स॒द्यः । यः । नृऽभ्यः॑ । अ॒त॒साय्यः॑ । भूत् । प॒स्पृ॒धा॒नेभ्यः॑ । सूर्य॑स्य । सा॒तौ ॥
सः । अप्रतीनि । मनवे । पुरूणि । इन्द्रः । दाशत् । दाशुषे । हन्ति । वृत्रम् । सद्यः । यः । नृभ्यः । अतसाय्यः । भूत् । पस्पृधानेभ्यः । सूर्यस्य । सातौ ॥
saḥ | apratīni | manave | purūṇi | indraḥ | dāśat | dāśuṣe | hanti | vṛtram | sadyaḥ | yaḥ | nṛ-bhyaḥ | atasāyyaḥ | bhūt | paspṛdhānebhyaḥ | sūryasya | sātau
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.19.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“irresistible.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“Manu; mantra; Manusmṛti; fourteen; man; manu [word]; Vaivasvata; incantation; sacred text.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“many; much(a); very.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[verb], singular, Present injunctive
“sacrifice; give.”
[verb noun], dative, singular
“sacrifice; give.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”
[adverb]
“immediately; just; daily; sadyas [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], dative, plural, masculine
“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[verb noun], dative, plural
“rival.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”
[noun], locative, singular, feminine
“victory; acquisition; contest.”