Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.15.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स प्र॑वो॒ळ्हॄन्प॑रि॒गत्या॑ द॒भीते॒र्विश्व॑मधा॒गायु॑धमि॒द्धे अ॒ग्नौ । सं गोभि॒रश्वै॑रसृज॒द्रथे॑भि॒: सोम॑स्य॒ ता मद॒ इन्द्र॑श्चकार ॥
स प्रवोळ्हॄन्परिगत्या दभीतेर्विश्वमधागायुधमिद्धे अग्नौ । सं गोभिरश्वैरसृजद्रथेभिः सोमस्य ता मद इन्द्रश्चकार ॥
sa pravoḻhṝn parigatyā dabhīter viśvam adhāg āyudham iddhe agnau | saṃ gobhir aśvair asṛjad rathebhiḥ somasya tā mada indraś cakāra ||
English translation:
“Encountering the (asuras), carrying off Dabhiti, he burnt all their weapons in a kindled fire, and enriched (the prince) with their cattle, their horses and their chariots; in the exhilaration of the Soma, Indra has done these (deeds).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The legend: asuras had besieged and taken the city of a royal sage, named Dabhīti; on their retreat, they were intercepted and defeated by Indra, who recovered the booty, and restored it to the prince
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
सः । प्र॒ऽवो॒ळ्हॄन् । प॒रि॒ऽगत्य॑ । द॒भीतेः॑ । विश्व॑म् । अ॒धा॒क् । आयु॑धम् । इ॒द्धे । अ॒ग्नौ । सम् । गोभिः॑ । अश्वैः॑ । अ॒सृ॒ज॒त् । रथे॑भिः । सोम॑स्य । ता । मदे॑ । इन्द्रः॑ । च॒का॒र॒ ॥
सः । प्रवोळ्हॄन् । परिगत्य । दभीतेः । विश्वम् । अधाक् । आयुधम् । इद्धे । अग्नौ । सम् । गोभिः । अश्वैः । असृजत् । रथेभिः । सोमस्य । ता । मदे । इन्द्रः । चकार ॥
saḥ | pra-voḷhṛn | pari-gatya | dabhīteḥ | viśvam | adhāk | āyudham | iddhe | agnau | sam | gobhiḥ | aśvaiḥ | asṛjat | rathebhiḥ | somasya | tā | made | indraḥ | cakāra
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.15.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
[verb noun]
“circumambulate; enter (a state).”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Dabhīti.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[verb], singular, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
“burn; cauterize; heat; burn; burn; burn; roast; blaze; burn; distress; destroy.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“weapon; āyudha [word].”
[verb noun], locative, singular
“kindle; ignite; set ablaze.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[adverb]
“sam; together; together; saṃ.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”