Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.4.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒ग्निं दे॒वासो॒ मानु॑षीषु वि॒क्षु प्रि॒यं धु॑: क्षे॒ष्यन्तो॒ न मि॒त्रम् । स दी॑दयदुश॒तीरूर्म्या॒ आ द॒क्षाय्यो॒ यो दास्व॑ते॒ दम॒ आ ॥
अग्निं देवासो मानुषीषु विक्षु प्रियं धुः क्षेष्यन्तो न मित्रम् । स दीदयदुशतीरूर्म्या आ दक्षाय्यो यो दास्वते दम आ ॥
agniṃ devāso mānuṣīṣu vikṣu priyaṃ dhuḥ kṣeṣyanto na mitram | sa dīdayad uśatīr ūrmyā ā dakṣāyyo yo dāsvate dama ā ||
English translation:
“The gods, intending to dwell (in heaven), left, as a dear friend among the human races, that Agni, who, present in the chamber of sacrifice, is bounteous to the donor of offerings, and shines on the nights when he is wished for.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Shines on the nights: dīdayad uśatīrūrmya: uśatīḥ = kāmayamānāḥ, to be desired; ūrmyā rātriḥ = nights, all nights or the whole night: sarvāsu rātriṣu dīpyate; or, sarva rātrir ādīpayati, he shines on all nights, or he lights up all nights
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): somāhutirbhārgavaḥ [somāhutirbhārgava];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): ārṣīpaṅkti;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒ग्निम् । दे॒वासः॑ । मानु॑षीषु । वि॒क्षु । प्रि॒यम् । धुः॒ । क्षे॒ष्यन्तः॑ । न । मि॒त्रम् । सः । दी॒द॒य॒त् । उ॒श॒तीः । ऊर्म्याः॑ । आ । द॒क्षाय्यः॑ । यः । दास्व॑ते । दमे॑ । आ ॥
अग्निम् । देवासः । मानुषीषु । विक्षु । प्रियम् । धुः । क्षेष्यन्तः । न । मित्रम् । सः । दीदयत् । उशतीः । ऊर्म्याः । आ । दक्षाय्यः । यः । दास्वते । दमे । आ ॥
agnim | devāsaḥ | mānuṣīṣu | vikṣu | priyam | dhuḥ | kṣeṣyantaḥ | na | mitram | saḥ | dīdayat | uśatīḥ | ūrmyāḥ | ā | dakṣāyyaḥ | yaḥ | dāsvate | dame | ā
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.4.3 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], locative, plural, feminine
“human.”
[noun], locative, plural
“people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”
[verb], plural, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“govern; inhabit; dwell; stay; predominate; bide; own.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“shine; glitter.”
[verb noun], accusative, plural
“desire; agree; call; care; like; love.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“night.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“big.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“dwelling; home.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”