Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.2.8
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स इ॑धा॒न उ॒षसो॒ राम्या॒ अनु॒ स्व१॒॑र्ण दी॑देदरु॒षेण॑ भा॒नुना॑ । होत्रा॑भिर॒ग्निर्मनु॑षः स्वध्व॒रो राजा॑ वि॒शामति॑थि॒श्चारु॑रा॒यवे॑ ॥
स इधान उषसो राम्या अनु स्वर्ण दीदेदरुषेण भानुना । होत्राभिरग्निर्मनुषः स्वध्वरो राजा विशामतिथिश्चारुरायवे ॥
sa idhāna uṣaso rāmyā anu svar ṇa dīded aruṣeṇa bhānunā | hotrābhir agnir manuṣaḥ svadhvaro rājā viśām atithiś cārur āyave ||
English translation:
“Kindled at the beautiful dawn, (Agni) shines with brilliant lustre, like the sun; adored by the hymns of the worshipper, Agni, the king of men, (comes as) an agreeable guest to the instrumental tutor of the sacrifice.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The king of men: rājā viśām = king or master of the viśas, or people
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhuriktriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
सः । इ॒धा॒नः । उ॒षसः॑ । राम्याः॑ । अनु॑ । स्वः॑ । न । दी॒दे॒त् । अ॒रु॒षेण॑ । भा॒नुना॑ । होत्रा॑भिः । अ॒ग्निः । मनु॑षः । सु॒ऽअ॒ध्व॒रः । राजा॑ । वि॒शाम् । अति॑थिः । चारुः॑ । आ॒यवे॑ ॥
सः । इधानः । उषसः । राम्याः । अनु । स्वः । न । दीदेत् । अरुषेण । भानुना । होत्राभिः । अग्निः । मनुषः । सुअध्वरः । राजा । विशाम् । अतिथिः । चारुः । आयवे ॥
saḥ | idhānaḥ | uṣasaḥ | rāmyāḥ | anu | svaḥ | na | dīdet | aruṣeṇa | bhānunā | hotrābhiḥ | agniḥ | manuṣaḥ | su-adhvaraḥ | rājā | viśām | atithiḥ | cāruḥ | āyave
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.2.8 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“kindle; ignite; set ablaze.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“night; night.”
[adverb]
“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”
[adverb]
“sun; sky; sunlight.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[verb], singular, Present injunctive
“shine; glitter.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“red; red.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“sun; Surya; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sunbeam; beam; luminosity; copper; light; twelve; appearance; Bhānu; flare.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
“hotrā [word]; Hautra.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Manu; man.”
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“yajña; ceremony; adhvara [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”
[noun], genitive, plural, feminine
“people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“guest; atithi [word]; Atithi.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“pleasant; beautiful; beloved; agreeable; cāru [word].”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine