Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.161.11

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒द्वत्स्व॑स्मा अकृणोतना॒ तृणं॑ नि॒वत्स्व॒पः स्व॑प॒स्यया॑ नरः । अगो॑ह्यस्य॒ यदस॑स्तना गृ॒हे तद॒द्येदमृ॑भवो॒ नानु॑ गच्छथ ॥
उद्वत्स्वस्मा अकृणोतना तृणं निवत्स्वपः स्वपस्यया नरः । अगोह्यस्य यदसस्तना गृहे तदद्येदमृभवो नानु गच्छथ ॥
udvatsv asmā akṛṇotanā tṛṇaṃ nivatsv apaḥ svapasyayā naraḥ | agohyasya yad asastanā gṛhe tad adyedam ṛbhavo nānu gacchatha ||

English translation:

Ṛbhus, leaders (of the rains), you have caused the grass to grow upon the high plural ces; you have caused the waters to flow over the low plural ces; for (the promotion of) good works; as you have reposed for a while in the dwelling of the unapprehensible (Sun), so desist not today from (the discharge of) this (your function).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Ṛbhus are identified in this and following hymns with the rays of the sun, as the instrumental uments of the rain and the causes of fertility; ādityaraśmayo api ṛbhava ucyante: (Nirukta 11.16); unapprehensible Sun: agohyasya gṛhe: agohya = a name of the sun (Nirukta); who is not to be hidden, aguhanīya;or, agrahaṇīya, not to be apprehended, literally or metaphorically; so desist not: idam nānugacchatha; anusṛtya na gacchatha, having come forth, go not away without doing this,idam, your office of sending down rain for as long a period as you repose in the solar orb; a truism is explained in Nirukta: yāvat tatra bhavatha na tāvadiha bhavatha, as long as you are there, you are not here

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): ṛbhavaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒द्वत्ऽसु॑ । अ॒स्मै॒ । अ॒कृ॒णो॒त॒न॒ । तृण॑म् । नि॒वत्ऽसु॑ । अ॒पः । सु॒ऽअ॒प॒स्यया॑ । न॒रः॒ । अगो॑ह्यस्य । यत् । अस॑स्तन । गृ॒हे । तत् । अ॒द्य । इ॒दम् । ऋ॒भ॒वः॒ । न । अनु॑ । ग॒च्छ॒थ॒ ॥
उद्वत्सु । अस्मै । अकृणोतन । तृणम् । निवत्सु । अपः । सुअपस्यया । नरः । अगोह्यस्य । यत् । असस्तन । गृहे । तत् । अद्य । इदम् । ऋभवः । न । अनु । गच्छथ ॥
udvat-su | asmai | akṛṇotana | tṛṇam | nivat-su | apaḥ | su-apasyayā | naraḥ | agohyasya | yat | asastana | gṛhe | tat | adya | idam | ṛbhavaḥ | na | anu | gacchatha

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.161.11 English analysis of grammar]

udvatsv < udvatsu < udvat

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“altitude.”

asmā < asmai < idam

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

akṛṇotanā < akṛṇotana < kṛ

[verb], plural, Imperfect

“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

tṛṇaṃ < tṛṇam < tṛṇa

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“grass; tṛṇa [word]; herb.”

nivatsv < nivatsu < nivat

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“depth.”

apaḥ < ap

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

svapasyayā < svapasyā

[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

naraḥ < nṛ

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

agohyasya < agohya

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

asastanā < asastana < sas

[verb], plural, Imperfect

“sleep.”

gṛhe < gṛha

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“house; palace; temple; home; place; family; family; stable.”

tad < tat < tad

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

adyedam < adyā < adya

[adverb]

“now; today; then; nowadays; adya [word].”

adyedam < idam

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

ṛbhavo < ṛbhavaḥ < ṛbhu

[noun], vocative, plural, masculine

“Ribhus.”

nānu < na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

nānu < anu

[adverb]

“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

gacchatha < gam

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

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