Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.14.542
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.542:
इवशब्दप्रयोगे तु बाह्यात् सम्बन्धिनो विना ।
नाधिक्यमुपमानेऽस्ति द्योतकः सम्प्रयुज्यते ॥ ५४२ ॥ivaśabdaprayoge tu bāhyāt sambandhino vinā |
nādhikyamupamāne'sti dyotakaḥ samprayujyate || 542 ||542. When the word iva is used, it is a manifestor (dyotaka and not vācaka) that is used and so there would be no difference (ādhikya) in the standard of comparison without an outside word.
Commentary
[The word iva is used as related to the meaning of another word, it throws light on some peculiarity in it, it has no independent meaning of its own and therefore, does not bring about any difference. So when iva, a synonym of tulya is used to show resemblance, a case-ending implying difference cannot be used. If the word kriyā were not used in the previous sūtra, the suffix vati would come by that sūtra even when iva is used. In order that this may not happen, the word kriyā must be used in the previous sūtra. Thus the purpose of P. 5.1.116 would be to teach vati when the resemblance is not due to action. This sūtra would not allow vati after a word ending in the first caseaffix, because the words tatra and tasya specify that it is to be added only after a word ending in the seventh or sixth caseaffix.]