Vaisheshika-sutra with Commentary
by Nandalal Sinha | 1923 | 149,770 words | ISBN-13: 9789332869165
The Vaisheshika-sutra 1.1.25, English translation, including commentaries such as the Upaskara of Shankara Mishra, the Vivriti of Jayanarayana-Tarkapanchanana and the Bhashya of Chandrakanta. The Vaisheshika Sutras teaches the science freedom (moksha-shastra) and the various aspects of the soul (eg., it's nature, suffering and rebirth under the law of karma). This is sutra 5 (‘difference between attribute and action’) contained in Chapter 1—Of Substance, Attribute, and Action—of Book I (of the predicables).
Sūtra 1.1.25 (Difference between Attribute and Action)
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration, Word-for-word and English translation of Vaiśeṣika sūtra 1.1.25:
द्वित्वप्रभृतयः संख्याः पृथक्त्व संयोग विभागाश्च ॥ १.१.२५ ॥
dvitvaprabhṛtayaḥ saṃkhyāḥ pṛthaktva saṃyoga vibhāgāśca || 1.1.25 ||
dvitva-prabhṛtayaḥ—Duality, etc; saṃkhyāḥ—Numbers; pṛthaktva-saṃyoga-vibhāgāḥ—Separateness; conjunction—and Disjunction; ca—And.
25. Duality and other Numbers, Separateness, Conjunction, and Disjunction (are originated by more than one Substance).
Commentary: The Upaskāra of Śaṅkara Miśra:
(English rendering of Śaṅkara Miśra’s commentary called Upaskāra from the 15th century)
Now, pointing out that Attributes which reside in aggregation are originated by many Substances, he says:—[Read sūtra 1.1.25 above]
“Originated by more than one substance”—This is the complement. The word Separateness appearing together with Duality, etc., also denotes Separateness of two, etc. Thus Numbers beginning with Duality and ending with the highest arithmetical figure, Separateness of two, etc., Con junctions, and Disjunctions are originated by two as well as by more than two Substances. So that the characteristic of residing in more Substances than one belongs to them. And this characteristic again is the same as co-extension with the mutual non-existence of combi native causes.—25.