Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.97.23
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वमु॑त्त॒मास्यो॑षधे॒ तव॑ वृ॒क्षा उप॑स्तयः । उप॑स्तिरस्तु॒ सो॒३॒॑ऽस्माकं॒ यो अ॒स्माँ अ॑भि॒दास॑ति ॥
त्वमुत्तमास्योषधे तव वृक्षा उपस्तयः । उपस्तिरस्तु सोऽस्माकं यो अस्माँ अभिदासति ॥
tvam uttamāsy oṣadhe tava vṛkṣā upastayaḥ | upastir astu so 'smākaṃ yo asmām̐ abhidāsati ||
English translation:
“You (Soma) are the best of the plural nts, to you (all) trees are prostrate; may he be prostrate to us, whoattacks us.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
May the trees shelter you, and may he who is our foe become our own servant
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): bhiṣagātharvaṇaḥ [bhiṣagātharvaṇa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): auṣadhīstutiḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdanuṣṭup;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वम् । उ॒त्ऽत॒मा । अ॒सि॒ । ओ॒ष॒धे॒ । तव॑ । वृ॒क्षाः । उप॑स्तयः । उप॑स्तिः । अ॒स्तु॒ । सः । अ॒स्माक॑म् । यः । अ॒स्मान् । अ॒भि॒ऽदास॑ति ॥
त्वम् । उत्तमा । असि । ओषधे । तव । वृक्षाः । उपस्तयः । उपस्तिः । अस्तु । सः । अस्माकम् । यः । अस्मान् । अभिदासति ॥
tvam | ut-tamā | asi | oṣadhe | tava | vṛkṣāḥ | upastayaḥ | upastiḥ | astu | saḥ | asmākam | yaḥ | asmān | abhi-dāsati
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.97.23 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular
“you.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“best; excellent; highest; better; extreme; last; first; topmost; chief(a); higher; highest; maximal; uttama [word]; prevailing; finest.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], vocative, singular, feminine
“herb; plant; drug; simple; oṣadhi [word]; remedy.”
[noun], genitive, singular
“you.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“tree; fruit tree.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, plural
“I; mine.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“threaten; endanger.”