Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.23.28

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वं व॑रो सु॒षाम्णेऽग्ने॒ जना॑य चोदय । सदा॑ वसो रा॒तिं य॑विष्ठ॒ शश्व॑ते ॥
त्वं वरो सुषाम्णेऽग्ने जनाय चोदय । सदा वसो रातिं यविष्ठ शश्वते ॥
tvaṃ varo suṣāmṇe 'gne janāya codaya | sadā vaso rātiṃ yaviṣṭha śaśvate ||

English translation:

Agni, (who are) the desired of all, the humbler (of foes), the youngest (of the gods), ever bestow richesupon the tranquil and constant man.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Tranquil and constant: suṣāmne = śāśvate janāya śobhanasāmavatebahave prādurbhūtāya stotṛṇām, tava prasādāt: who enjoys tranquility from your (Agni's) favour; or,upon the various ricetiers of excellent hymn;

Suṣāmṇa = śobhanam sāma priyavacanam yasya (cf. Pāṇini8.3.98); in the next ṛca susāman is the name of a king

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): viśvamanā vaiyaśvaḥ [viśvamanā vaiyaśva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): pādanicṛduṣṇik ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वम् । व॒रो॒ इति॑ । सु॒ऽषाम्णे॑ । अग्ने॑ । जना॑य । चो॒द॒य॒ । सदा॑ । व॒सो॒ इति॑ । रा॒तिम् । य॒वि॒ष्ठ॒ । शश्व॑ते ॥
त्वम् । वरो इति । सुषाम्णे । अग्ने । जनाय । चोदय । सदा । वसो इति । रातिम् । यविष्ठ । शश्वते ॥
tvam | varo iti | su-ṣāmṇe | agne | janāya | codaya | sadā | vaso iti | rātim | yaviṣṭha | śaśvate

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.23.28 English analysis of grammar]

tvaṃ < tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

varo < _ < √_

[?]

“_”

suṣāmṇe < suṣāman

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

'gne < agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

janāya < jana

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

codaya < coday < √cud

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“impel; drive; incite; command; drive; arouse; propel.”

sadā

[adverb]

“always; continually; always; perpetually.”

vaso < vasu

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“good; good; benign; vasu [word].”

rātiṃ < rātim < rāti

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“gift; bounty; favor.”

yaviṣṭha

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“youngest.”

śaśvate < śaśvat

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“all(a); each(a).”

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