Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.44.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
को वा॑म॒द्या क॑रते रा॒तह॑व्य ऊ॒तये॑ वा सुत॒पेया॑य वा॒र्कैः । ऋ॒तस्य॑ वा व॒नुषे॑ पू॒र्व्याय॒ नमो॑ येमा॒नो अ॑श्वि॒ना व॑वर्तत् ॥
को वामद्या करते रातहव्य ऊतये वा सुतपेयाय वार्कैः । ऋतस्य वा वनुषे पूर्व्याय नमो येमानो अश्विना ववर्तत् ॥
ko vām adyā karate rātahavya ūtaye vā sutapeyāya vārkaiḥ | ṛtasya vā vanuṣe pūrvyāya namo yemāno aśvinā vavartat ||
English translation:
“What offer of oblations addresses you today with hymns for the sake (of obtaining) protection, for the drinking of the Soma, or for the ancient fulfilment of the sacrifice? what offer of adoration may bring you Aśvins may bring you Aśvins (to this rite)?”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): purumīḷahājamīḷahau sauhotrau;Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
कः । वा॒म् । अ॒द्य । का॒र॒ते॒ । रा॒तऽह॑व्यः । ऊ॒तये॑ । वा॒ । सु॒त॒ऽपेया॑य । वा॒ । अ॒र्कैः । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । वा॒ । व॒नुषे॑ । पू॒र्व्याय॑ । नमः॑ । ये॒मा॒नः । अ॒श्वि॒ना॒ । आ । व॒व॒र्त॒त् ॥
कः । वाम् । अद्य । कारते । रातहव्यः । ऊतये । वा । सुतपेयाय । वा । अर्कैः । ऋतस्य । वा । वनुषे । पूर्व्याय । नमः । येमानः । अश्विना । आ । ववर्तत् ॥
kaḥ | vām | adya | kārate | rāta-havyaḥ | ūtaye | vā | suta-peyāya | vā | arkaiḥ | ṛtasya | vā | vanuṣe | pūrvyāya | namaḥ | yemānaḥ | aśvinā | ā | vavartat
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.44.3 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, dual
“you.”
[adverb]
“now; today; then; nowadays; adya [word].”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[verb noun]
“give; impart.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Havya; offering; havya [word].”
[noun], dative, singular, feminine
“aid; favor; ūti [word].”
[adverb]
“or; optionally; either.”
[noun], masculine
“Soma.”
[noun], dative, singular, neuter
“beverage.”
[adverb]
“or; optionally; either.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sun; copper; Surya; hymn; twelve; fire; beam.”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”
[adverb]
“or; optionally; either.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“unfriendly; competing(a).”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“first; precedent; age-old; excellent; former(a).”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“concentrate; grant; restrain; cause; control; offer; cover; raise.”
[noun], vocative, dual, masculine
“Asvins; two.”
[verb], singular, Perfect conjunctive (subj.)
“behave; happen; exist; return; dwell; die; roll; continue; act; exist; feed on; issue; move; travel; proceed; turn; situate; drive; account for; begin; do; inhere; revolve.”