Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.3.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
आ वो॒ राजा॑नमध्व॒रस्य॑ रु॒द्रं होता॑रं सत्य॒यजं॒ रोद॑स्योः । अ॒ग्निं पु॒रा त॑नयि॒त्नोर॒चित्ता॒द्धिर॑ण्यरूप॒मव॑से कृणुध्वम् ॥
आ वो राजानमध्वरस्य रुद्रं होतारं सत्ययजं रोदस्योः । अग्निं पुरा तनयित्नोरचित्ताद्धिरण्यरूपमवसे कृणुध्वम् ॥
ā vo rājānam adhvarasya rudraṃ hotāraṃ satyayajaṃ rodasyoḥ | agnim purā tanayitnor acittād dhiraṇyarūpam avase kṛṇudhvam ||
English translation:
“Secure Agni, the king of sacrifice, the afflicter (of foes), the invoker (of the gods), the distributor of food through heaven and earth, the golden-formed, for your protection before (surprised by) sudden death.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Purā tanayitnor acittāt = liṭ, before the unconsciousness of the thunderbolt; this implies a state of unconsciousness, or death as sudden as if the work of the thunderbolt
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
आ । वः॒ । राजा॑नम् । अ॒ध्व॒रस्य॑ । रु॒द्रम् । होता॑रम् । स॒त्य॒ऽयज॒म् । रोद॑स्योः । अ॒ग्निम् । पु॒रा । त॒न॒यि॒त्नोः । अ॒चित्ता॑त् । हिर॑ण्यऽरूपम् । अव॑से । कृ॒णु॒ध्व॒म् ॥
आ । वः । राजानम् । अध्वरस्य । रुद्रम् । होतारम् । सत्ययजम् । रोदस्योः । अग्निम् । पुरा । तनयित्नोः । अचित्तात् । हिरण्यरूपम् । अवसे । कृणुध्वम् ॥
ā | vaḥ | rājānam | adhvarasya | rudram | hotāram | satya-yajam | rodasyoḥ | agnim | purā | tanayitnoḥ | acittāt | hiraṇya-rūpam | avase | kṛṇudhvam
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.3.1 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[noun], genitive, plural
“you.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“yajña; ceremony; adhvara [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Shiva; Rudra; eleven; rudra [word]; eleventh.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Hotṛ.”
[noun]
“true; real; real; faithful; good.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“sacrificing.”
[noun], genitive, dual, feminine
“heaven and earth; Earth.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[adverb]
“once; earlier; first; purā [indecl.].”
[noun], ablative, singular, masculine
[noun], ablative, singular, masculine
“unexpected.”
[noun], neuter
“gold; jewelry; hiraṇya [word]; gold.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“form; appearance; beauty; look; shape; shape; symptom; feature; nature; guise; rūpa [word]; one; appearance; likeness; color; kind; vowel; type; disguise; aspect; form; derivative; omen; vision.”
[verb noun]
“support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”
[verb], plural, Present imperative
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”