Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.2.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यो मर्त्ये॑ष्व॒मृत॑ ऋ॒तावा॑ दे॒वो दे॒वेष्व॑र॒तिर्नि॒धायि॑ । होता॒ यजि॑ष्ठो म॒ह्ना शु॒चध्यै॑ ह॒व्यैर॒ग्निर्मनु॑ष ईर॒यध्यै॑ ॥
यो मर्त्येष्वमृत ऋतावा देवो देवेष्वरतिर्निधायि । होता यजिष्ठो मह्ना शुचध्यै हव्यैरग्निर्मनुष ईरयध्यै ॥
yo martyeṣv amṛta ṛtāvā devo deveṣv aratir nidhāyi | hotā yajiṣṭho mahnā śucadhyai havyair agnir manuṣa īrayadhyai ||
English translation:
“He who has beenplaced immortal among the mortals, the observer of truth, a deity triumphant among gods, the invoker of the gods, the most diligent sacrificer, Agni; he has been plural ced (upon the altar) to lighten (the ceremony) by his (lustre), and for the elevation of the worshipper, through oblations (in heaven).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Amont the mortal: or, among mortal organs of sense, Agni being that of speech: agnir-vāg bhūtvā mukham prāviśat
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): paṅktiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यः । मर्त्ये॑षु । अ॒मृतः॑ । ऋ॒तऽवा॑ । दे॒वः । दे॒वेषु । अ॒र॒तिः । नि॒ऽधायि॑ । होता॑ । यजि॑ष्ठः । म॒ह्ना । शु॒चध्यै॑ । ह॒व्यैः । अ॒ग्निः । मनु॑षः । ई॒र॒यध्यै॑ ॥
यः । मर्त्येषु । अमृतः । ऋतवा । देवः । देवेषु । अरतिः । निधायि । होता । यजिष्ठः । मह्ना । शुचध्यै । हव्यैः । अग्निः । मनुषः । ईरयध्यै ॥
yaḥ | martyeṣu | amṛtaḥ | ṛta-vā | devaḥ | deveṣu | aratiḥ | ni-dhāyi | hotā | yajiṣṭhaḥ | mahnā | śucadhyai | havyaiḥ | agniḥ | manuṣaḥ | īrayadhyai
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.2.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], locative, plural, masculine
“mortal.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“immortal; amṛta; imperishable.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“law-abiding; faithful; righteous.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], locative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“charioteer.”
[verb], singular, Aorist passive
“put; fill into; stow; insert; ignite; insert; add; put on; establish; keep down.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Hotṛ.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“greatness.”
[verb noun]
“mourn; grieve; flame; glow; burn; repent.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
“Havya; offering; havya [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Manu; man.”
[verb noun]
“name; describe; propel; shoot; state; call; raise; expel; tell; enumerate.”