Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.32.16

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

न त्वा॑ गभी॒रः पु॑रुहूत॒ सिन्धु॒र्नाद्र॑य॒: परि॒ षन्तो॑ वरन्त । इ॒त्था सखि॑भ्य इषि॒तो यदि॒न्द्रा दृ॒ळ्हं चि॒दरु॑जो॒ गव्य॑मू॒र्वम् ॥
न त्वा गभीरः पुरुहूत सिन्धुर्नाद्रयः परि षन्तो वरन्त । इत्था सखिभ्य इषितो यदिन्द्रा दृळ्हं चिदरुजो गव्यमूर्वम् ॥
na tvā gabhīraḥ puruhūta sindhur nādrayaḥ pari ṣanto varanta | itthā sakhibhya iṣito yad indrā dṛḻhaṃ cid arujo gavyam ūrvam ||

English translation:

“Invoked of many, the deep ocean arrests you not, nor do the accompanying mountains (stay you); and therefore, summoned by your friends, you have repressed the strong flame abiding in the abyss.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

You have repressed the strong flame: dṛḷham cid arujo gavyam ūrvam = prabalam api avate vartamānam ūrvānalam samyagabhāṅkṣīḥ, you have entirely broken the strong (ūrva) fire abiding in the deep

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gopavana ātreyaḥ saptavadhrirvā [gopavana ātreya saptavadhrirvā];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

न । त्वा॒ । ग॒भी॒रः । पु॒रु॒ऽहू॒त॒ । सिन्धुः॑ । न । अद्र॑यः । परि॑ । सन्तः॑ । व॒र॒न्त॒ । इ॒त्था । सखि॑ऽभ्यः । इ॒षि॒तः । यत् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । आ । दृ॒ळ्हम् । चि॒त् । अरु॑जः । गव्य॑म् । ऊ॒र्वम् ॥
न । त्वा । गभीरः । पुरुहूत । सिन्धुः । न । अद्रयः । परि । सन्तः । वरन्त । इत्था । सखिभ्यः । इषितः । यत् । इन्द्र । आ । दृळ्हम् । चित् । अरुजः । गव्यम् । ऊर्वम् ॥
na | tvā | gabhīraḥ | puru-hūta | sindhuḥ | na | adrayaḥ | pari | santaḥ | varanta | itthā | sakhi-bhyaḥ | iṣitaḥ | yat | indra | ā | dṛḷham | cit | arujaḥ | gavyam | ūrvam

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.32.16 English analysis of grammar]

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

tvā < tvad

[noun], accusative, singular

“you.”

gabhīraḥ < gabhīra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“deep; profound; immeasurable; unfathomable; unfathomable; mysterious; deep; countless.”

puruhūta

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; Vishnu.”

sindhur < sindhuḥ < sindhu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

nādrayaḥ < < na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

nādrayaḥ < adrayaḥ < adri

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

pari

[adverb]

“from; about; around.”

ṣanto < ṣantaḥ < as

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

varanta < vṛ

[verb], plural, Imperfect

“surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”

itthā

[adverb]

“thus; here.”

sakhibhya < sakhibhyaḥ < sakhi

[noun], dative, plural, masculine

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

iṣito < iṣitaḥ < iṣay < √iṣ

[verb noun], nominative, singular

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

indrā < indra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

indrā < ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

dṛᄆhaṃ < dṛᄆham < dṛḍha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“hard; intense; firm; fixed; resolute; mesomorphic; grim; dṛḍha [word]; rainproof; sturdy; shut; firm; insoluble; strong; tough; tight.”

cid < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

arujo < arujaḥ < ruj

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“break; bend.”

gavyam < gavya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“bovine.”

ūrvam < ūrva

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“pen; Aurva; ocean.”

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