Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.11.2

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स ह॑व्य॒वाळम॑र्त्य उ॒शिग्दू॒तश्चनो॑हितः । अ॒ग्निर्धि॒या समृ॑ण्वति ॥
स हव्यवाळमर्त्य उशिग्दूतश्चनोहितः । अग्निर्धिया समृण्वति ॥
sa havyavāḻ amartya uśig dūtaś canohitaḥ | agnir dhiyā sam ṛṇvati ||

English translation:

“That Agni, who is the bearer of oblations, the immortal, the desirer (of offerings), the messenger (of the gods), and is the receiver of sacrificial viands, is associated with understanding.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Dhiyā samṛṇvati, i.e. Agni is fully aware of the objects of the ceremony, and a wish is implied that he may communicate similar knowledge to its performers, tān tādṛk prajñānvitān karotu; another interpretation: Yajus. 22.16: through knowledge Agni associates with the gods, for the purpose of conveying the oblations to them

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ [gāthina viśvāmitra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdgāyatrī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सः । ह॒व्य॒ऽवाट् । अम॑र्त्यः । उ॒शिक् । दू॒तः । चनः॑ऽहितः । अ॒ग्निः । धि॒या । सम् । ऋ॒ण्व॒ति॒ ॥
सः । हव्यवाट् । अमर्त्यः । उशिक् । दूतः । चनःहितः । अग्निः । धिया । सम् । ऋण्वति ॥
saḥ | havya-vāṭ | amartyaḥ | uśik | dūtaḥ | canaḥ-hitaḥ | agniḥ | dhiyā | sam | ṛṇvati

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.11.2 English analysis of grammar]

sa < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

havyavāᄆ < havyavāṭ < havyavah

[noun], nominative, singular

“Agni; fire.”

amartya < amartyaḥ < amartya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“immortal.”

uśig < uśij

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

dūtaś < dūtaḥ < dūta

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“messenger; emissary; dūta [word].”

canohitaḥ < canohita

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“popular; favorable.”

agnir < agniḥ < agni

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

dhiyā < dhī

[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

“intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

sam

[adverb]

“sam; together; together; saṃ.”

ṛṇvati < ṛch

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“enter (a state); travel; shoot; send; hit; originate; get; raise; begin; harm.”

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