Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.11.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒ग्निर्धि॒या स चे॑तति के॒तुर्य॒ज्ञस्य॑ पू॒र्व्यः । अर्थं॒ ह्य॑स्य त॒रणि॑ ॥
अग्निर्धिया स चेतति केतुर्यज्ञस्य पूर्व्यः । अर्थं ह्यस्य तरणि ॥
agnir dhiyā sa cetati ketur yajñasya pūrvyaḥ | arthaṃ hy asya taraṇi ||
English translation:
“Agni, the ancient banner (flag) of sacrifice, knows (all things) through understanding; his radiance traverses (the darkness).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Artham hyasya taraṇi = his meaning or object is crossing; or, that which crosses; his light or radiance is the end or object of Agni, which passes over or through, darkness (understood)
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ [gāthina viśvāmitra];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāḍgāyatrī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒ग्निः । धि॒या । सः । चे॒त॒ति॒ । के॒तुः । य॒ज्ञस्य॑ । पू॒र्व्यः । अर्थ॑म् । हि । अ॒स्य॒ । त॒रणि॑ ॥
अग्निः । धिया । सः । चेतति । केतुः । यज्ञस्य । पूर्व्यः । अर्थम् । हि । अस्य । तरणि ॥
agniḥ | dhiyā | saḥ | cetati | ketuḥ | yajñasya | pūrvyaḥ | artham | hi | asya | taraṇi
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.11.3 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
“intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“notice; observe; attend to; intend.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“banner; ketu; sunbeam; enemy; sign; Premna spinosa Roxb.; comet; signal; signal; luminosity.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“first; precedent; age-old; excellent; former(a).”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“for; meaning; purpose; sense; wealth; object of sense; matter; aim; money; message; object; artha [word]; wealth; function; content; topic; property; situation; reason; affair; concern; reason; enterprise; reason; cause; five; application; application.”
[adverb]
“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“energetic; agile.”