Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.7.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

महि॑ त्वा॒ष्ट्रमू॒र्जय॑न्तीरजु॒र्यं स्त॑भू॒यमा॑नं व॒हतो॑ वहन्ति । व्यङ्गे॑भिर्दिद्युता॒नः स॒धस्थ॒ एका॑मिव॒ रोद॑सी॒ आ वि॑वेश ॥
महि त्वाष्ट्रमूर्जयन्तीरजुर्यं स्तभूयमानं वहतो वहन्ति । व्यङ्गेभिर्दिद्युतानः सधस्थ एकामिव रोदसी आ विवेश ॥
mahi tvāṣṭram ūrjayantīr ajuryaṃ stabhūyamānaṃ vahato vahanti | vy aṅgebhir didyutānaḥ sadhastha ekām iva rodasī ā viveśa ||

English translation:

“The flowing (rivers) invigorating him, bear along the great son of Tvaṣṭā, the undecaying upholder (of the world), radiant with various forms in the vicinity (of the firmament); Agni is associated with heaven and earth, as (a husband with) one only wife.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

One only wife: the text has ekām iva, like one, the pronoun being feminine nine; the additions are: yathā pumān ekām praviśati, as a man cohabits with one woman

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ [gāthina viśvāmitra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

महि॑ । त्वा॒ष्ट्रम् । ऊ॒र्जय॑न्तीः । अ॒जु॒र्यम् । स्त॒भु॒ऽयमा॑नम् । व॒हतः॑ । व॒ह॒न्ति॒ । वि । अङ्गे॑भिः । दि॒द्यु॒ता॒नः । स॒धऽस्थे॑ । एका॑म्ऽइव । रोद॑सी॒ इति॑ । आ । वि॒वे॒श॒ ॥
महि । त्वाष्ट्रम् । ऊर्जयन्तीः । अजुर्यम् । स्तभुयमानम् । वहतः । वहन्ति । वि । अङ्गेभिः । दिद्युतानः । सधस्थे । एकाम्इव । रोदसी इति । आ । विवेश ॥
mahi | tvāṣṭram | ūrjayantīḥ | ajuryam | stabhu-yamānam | vahataḥ | vahant i | vi | aṅgebhiḥ | didyutānaḥ | sadha-sthe | ekām-iva | rodasī iti | ā | viveśa

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.7.4 English analysis of grammar]

mahi

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“great; firm.”

tvāṣṭram < tvāṣṭra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

ūrjayantīr < ūrjayantīḥ < ūrjay

[verb noun], accusative, plural

“strengthen.”

ajuryaṃ < ajuryam < ajurya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“ageless; amaranthine.”

stabhūyamānaṃ < stabhūyamānam < stabhūy < √stambh

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“stand.”

vahato < vahataḥ < vahat

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“river.”

vahanti < vah

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

vy < vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

aṅgebhir < aṅgebhiḥ < aṅga

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“body part; body; part; limb; extremity; Vedāṅga; section; root; army unit; aṅga [word]; subsection; aṅgamantra; part; body; ingredient.”

didyutānaḥ < dyut

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“shine; inflame.”

sadhastha < sadhasthe < sadhastha

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“dwelling; location; home.”

ekām < eka

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”

iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

rodasī < rodas

[noun], accusative, dual, neuter

“heaven and earth; Earth.”

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

viveśa < viś

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“enter; penetrate; settle; settle.”

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