Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.34.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒क्षन्ते॒ अश्वाँ॒ अत्याँ॑ इवा॒जिषु॑ न॒दस्य॒ कर्णै॑स्तुरयन्त आ॒शुभि॑: । हिर॑ण्यशिप्रा मरुतो॒ दवि॑ध्वतः पृ॒क्षं या॑थ॒ पृष॑तीभिः समन्यवः ॥
उक्षन्ते अश्वाँ अत्याँ इवाजिषु नदस्य कर्णैस्तुरयन्त आशुभिः । हिरण्यशिप्रा मरुतो दविध्वतः पृक्षं याथ पृषतीभिः समन्यवः ॥
ukṣante aśvām̐ atyām̐ ivājiṣu nadasya karṇais turayanta āśubhiḥ | hiraṇyaśiprā maruto davidhvataḥ pṛkṣaṃ yātha pṛṣatībhiḥ samanyavaḥ ||

English translation:

“They sprinkle the wide-extended (lands) with water, as (men sprinkle) horses (when heated) in battles; and they rush along with swift (horses) on the skirts of the sounding (cloud); Maruts, golden-helmeted, andof one mind, agitating (the trees), come with your spotted deer to (receive the sacrificial) food.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

With swift horses on the skirts: nadasya karṇaisturayanta āśubhiḥ = liṭ, they hasten with quick ears of the sound; horses are implied; the ears signify the middle parts of that which emits sound, i.e. the cloud; golden-helmeted: hiraṇyaśipraḥ: śipra = the nose, or the lower law; here explained as śirastrāṇa = a head-guard, a helmet

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): marūtaḥ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛjjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒क्षन्ते॑ । अश्वा॑न् । अत्या॑न्ऽइव । आ॒जिषु॑ । न॒दस्य॑ । कर्णैः॑ । तु॒र॒य॒न्ते॒ । आ॒शुऽभिः॑ । हिर॑ण्यऽशिप्राः । म॒रु॒तः॒ । दवि॑ध्वतः । पृ॒क्षम् । या॒थ॒ । पृष॑तीभिः । स॒ऽम॒न्य॒वः॒ ॥
उक्षन्ते । अश्वान् । अत्यान्इव । आजिषु । नदस्य । कर्णैः । तुरयन्ते । आशुभिः । हिरण्यशिप्राः । मरुतः । दविध्वतः । पृक्षम् । याथ । पृषतीभिः । समन्यवः ॥
ukṣante | aśvān | atyān-iva | ājiṣu | nadasya | karṇaiḥ | turayante | āśu-bhiḥ | h iraṇya-śiprāḥ | marutaḥ | davidhvataḥ | pṛkṣam | yātha | pṛṣatībhiḥ | sa-manyavaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.34.3 English analysis of grammar]

ukṣante < ukṣ

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“sprinkle; wet.”

aśvāṃ < aśva

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

atyāṃ < atya

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“horse; steed.”

ivājiṣu < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

ivājiṣu < ājiṣu < āji

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”

nadasya < nada

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“river; nad; roarer; stallion.”

karṇais < karṇaiḥ < karṇa

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“ear; Karṇa; karṇa [word]; auricle; fluke; diameter; lobule.”

turayanta < turay < √tṛ

[verb], plural, Imperfect

āśubhiḥ < āśu

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“quick; fast; immediate; agile.”

hiraṇyaśiprā < hiraṇya

[noun]

“aureate; gold.”

hiraṇyaśiprā < śiprāḥ < śiprā

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“lip; śiprā.”

maruto < marutaḥ < marut

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

davidhvataḥ < dodhu < √dhū

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“shake.”

pṛkṣaṃ < pṛkṣam < pṛkṣa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

yātha <

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

pṛṣatībhiḥ < pṛṣatī

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

samanyavaḥ < samanyu

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“consentaneous.”

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