Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.21.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒ना॒नु॒दो वृ॑ष॒भो दोध॑तो व॒धो ग॑म्भी॒र ऋ॒ष्वो अस॑मष्टकाव्यः । र॒ध्र॒चो॒दः श्नथ॑नो वीळि॒तस्पृ॒थुरिन्द्र॑: सुय॒ज्ञ उ॒षस॒: स्व॑र्जनत् ॥
अनानुदो वृषभो दोधतो वधो गम्भीर ऋष्वो असमष्टकाव्यः । रध्रचोदः श्नथनो वीळितस्पृथुरिन्द्रः सुयज्ञ उषसः स्वर्जनत् ॥
anānudo vṛṣabho dodhato vadho gambhīra ṛṣvo asamaṣṭakāvyaḥ | radhracodaḥ śnathano vīḻitas pṛthur indraḥ suyajña uṣasaḥ svar janat ||
English translation:
“Unequalled in liberty, the showerer (of benefits), the slayer of the malevolent, profound, mighty, (endowed with) impenetrable sagacity, the dispenser of prosperity, the enfeebler (of foes), firm (of frame), vast (in bulk) the performer of pious acts, Indra has given birth to the light of the morning.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Uṣasaḥ svar janat: svar may mean the sun; Indra, or the sky, makes manifest the morning sun
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāḍjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒न॒नु॒ऽदः । वृ॒ष॒भः । दोध॑तः । व॒धः । ग॒म्भी॒रः । ऋ॒ष्वः । अस॑मष्टऽकाव्यः । र॒ध्र॒ऽचो॒दः । श्नथ॑नः । वी॒ळि॒तः । पृ॒थुः । इन्द्रः॑ । सु॒ऽय॒ज्ञः । उ॒षसः॑ । स्वः॑ । ज॒न॒त् ॥
अननुदः । वृषभः । दोधतः । वधः । गम्भीरः । ऋष्वः । असमष्टकाव्यः । रध्रचोदः । श्नथनः । वीळितः । पृथुः । इन्द्रः । सुयज्ञः । उषसः । स्वः । जनत् ॥
ananu-daḥ | vṛṣabhaḥ | dodhataḥ | vadhaḥ | gambhīraḥ | ṛṣvaḥ | asamaṣṭa-kāvyaḥ | radhra-codaḥ | śnathanaḥ | vīḷitaḥ | pṛthuḥ | indraḥ | su-yajñaḥ | uṣasaḥ | svaḥ | janat
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.21.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“firm.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
[verb noun], genitive, singular
“ramp.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“killing; weapon; māraṇa; execution; destruction; vadh-; Vadha; dysfunction; punishment; kick.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“deep; bass; complex; profound; complicated; intense; gambhīra [word]; hidden.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“distinguished; high; noble; enormous.”
[adverb]
“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”
[verb noun]
“enter (a state); achieve; obtain.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Uśanas; poem; Kāvya; wisdom.”
[noun]
“obedient; powerless; weak.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“solidify; strengthen.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“broad; wide; great; flat; pṛthu [word]; far.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
[adverb]
“sun; sky; sunlight.”
[verb], singular, Present injunctive
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”