Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.1.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वम॑ग्ने॒ द्युभि॒स्त्वमा॑शुशु॒क्षणि॒स्त्वम॒द्भ्यस्त्वमश्म॑न॒स्परि॑ । त्वं वने॑भ्य॒स्त्वमोष॑धीभ्य॒स्त्वं नृ॒णां नृ॑पते जायसे॒ शुचि॑: ॥
त्वमग्ने द्युभिस्त्वमाशुशुक्षणिस्त्वमद्भ्यस्त्वमश्मनस्परि । त्वं वनेभ्यस्त्वमोषधीभ्यस्त्वं नृणां नृपते जायसे शुचिः ॥
tvam agne dyubhis tvam āśuśukṣaṇis tvam adbhyas tvam aśmanas pari | tvaṃ vanebhyas tvam oṣadhībhyas tvaṃ nṛṇāṃ nṛpate jāyase śuciḥ ||

English translation:

“Sovereign of men, Agni, you are born for the days (of sacrifice), pure and all-irradiating, from the waters, from the stones, from trees, and from plural nts.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Suśukṣaṇi = drying up, causing the evaporation of the earth's moisture; or, it may mean: destroying, consuming; Agni is produced from the waters, either as lightning that accompanies rain or submarine fire; from stones by striking them together; so from trees or wood by attrition; from plural nts, such as bamboo, by mutual friction, causing the conflagration of a forest

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): āṅgirasaḥ śaunahotro bhārgavo gṛtsamadaḥ [āṅgirasa śaunahotra bhārgava gṛtsamada];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): paṅktiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वम् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । द्युऽभिः॑ । त्वम् । आ॒शु॒शु॒क्षणिः॑ । त्वम् । अ॒त्ऽभ्यः । त्वम् । अश्म॑नः । परि॑ । त्वम् । वने॑भ्यः । त्वम् । ओष॑धीभ्यः । त्वम् । नृ॒णाम् । नृ॒ऽप॒ते॒ । जा॒य॒से॒ । शुचिः॑ ॥
त्वम् । अग्ने । द्युभिः । त्वम् । आशुशुक्षणिः । त्वम् । अत्भ्यः । त्वम् । अश्मनः । परि । त्वम् । वनेभ्यः । त्वम् । ओषधीभ्यः । त्वम् । नृणाम् । नृपते । जायसे । शुचिः ॥
tvam | agne | dyu-bhiḥ | tvam | āśuśukṣaṇiḥ | tvam | at-bhyaḥ | tvam | aśmanaḥ | pari | tvam | vanebhyaḥ | tvam | oṣadhībhyaḥ | tvam | nṛṇām | nṛ-pate | jāyase | śuciḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.1.1 English analysis of grammar]

tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

dyubhis < dyubhiḥ < div

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

āśuśukṣaṇis < āśuśukṣaṇiḥ < āśuśukṣaṇi

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Agni; fire.”

tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

adbhyas < adbhyaḥ < ap

[noun], ablative, plural, feminine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

aśmanas < aśman

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“stone; aśmarī; rock; aśman [word]; adri; mineral; piṇḍatālaka; mountain.”

pari

[adverb]

“from; about; around.”

tvaṃ < tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

vanebhyas < vanebhyaḥ < vana

[noun], ablative, plural, neuter

“forest; wood; tree; grove; vana [word]; forest; brush.”

tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

oṣadhībhyas < oṣadhībhyaḥ < oṣadhī

[noun], ablative, plural, feminine

“herb; plant; drug; herb.”

tvaṃ < tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

nṛṇāṃ < nṛṇām < nṛ

[noun], genitive, plural

“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

nṛpate < nṛpati

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“king.”

jāyase < jan

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

śuciḥ < śuci

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”

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